ledged tyranny of taxation
without representation; thirdly, how it is a concession to State
Rights at a moment when we are recovering from a terrible war waged
against us in the name of State Rights; fourthly, how it is the
constitutional recognition of an oligarchy, aristocracy, caste, and
monopoly founded on color; fifthly, how it petrifies in the
Constitution the wretched pretensions of a white man's government;
sixthly, how it assumes what is false in constitutional law, that
color can be a 'qualification' for an elector; seventhly, how it
positively ties the hands of Congress in fixing the meaning of a
republican government, so that, under the guarantee clause, it will be
constrained to recognize an oligarchy, aristocracy, caste, and
monopoly founded on color, together with the tyranny of taxation
without representation, as not inconsistent with such a government;
eighthly, how it positively ties the hands of Congress in completing
and consummating the abolition of slavery according to the second
clause of the constitutional amendment, so that it can not, for this
purpose, interfere with the denial of the elective franchise on
account of color; ninthly, how it installs recent rebels in permanent
power over loyal citizens; and, tenthly, how it shows forth, in
unmistakable character, as a compromise of human rights, the most
immoral, indecent, and utterly shameful of any in our history. All
this you have seen, with pain and sorrow, I trust. Who that is moved
to sympathy for his fellow-man can listen to the story without
indignation? Who that has not lost the power of reason can fail to see
the cruel wrong?"

Mr. Doolittle mentioned some facts which he thought would prove the
apprehension of an increase of the basis of representation in the
South to be without foundation. "The destruction of the population,"
said he, "both white and black, during the civil war, has been most
enormous. Of the white population, there were in those States in 1860,
of white males over twenty years of age, about one million six hundred
thousand. Nearly one-third of that white population over twenty years
of age has perished. The actual destruction of the black population
since 1860 has been at least twenty-five per cent. of the whole
population. The population of the South has been so destroyed and
wasted and enfeebled in consequence of this war, that I do not for
one, I confess, feel those apprehensions which some entertain that, if
the