een consistent in each character;
for years to come he remained stationary as a sincere French patriot,
always of course with an eye to the main chance. As events unfolded,
the transformation began again; and the "adroit" man, taking advantage
of every chance, became once more a cosmopolitan--this time not as a
soldier, but as a statesman; not as a servant, but as the _imperator
universalis_, too large for a single land, determined to reunite once
more all Western Christendom, and, like the great German Charles a
thousand years before, make the imperial limits conterminous with
those of orthodox Christianity. The power of this empire was, however,
to rest on a Latin, not on a Teuton; not on Germany, but on France.
Its splendor was not to be embodied in Aachen nor in the Eternal City,
but in Paris; and its destiny was not to bring in a Christian
millennium for the glory of God, but a scientific equilibrium of
social states to the glory of Napoleon's dynasty, permanent because
universally beneficent.

CHAPTER XXV.

Europe and the Directory[64].

[Footnote 64: For this and the succeeding chapters we
have the memoirs of Thibaudeau, Marmont, Doulcet de
Pontecoulant, Hyde de Neuville, and the duchess of
Abrantes--Madame Junot. Among the histories, the most
important are those of Blanc, Taine, Sybel, Sorel, and
Mortimer-Ternaux. Special studies: C. Rousset, Les
Volontaires de 1791-1794. Chassin: Pacifications de
l'Ouest and Dictature de Hoche. Mallet du Pan:
Correspondance avec la cour de Vienne. Also the
Correspondence of Sandoz. Many original papers are
printed in Hueffer: Oesterreich und Preussen; Bailleu:
Preussen und Frankreich, 1795-1797; and in the Amtliche
Sammlung von Akten aus der Zeit der Helvetischen
Republik.]

The First Coalition -- England and Austria -- The Armies of
the Republic -- The Treasury of the Republic -- Necessary
Zeal -- The Directory -- Its Members -- The Abbe Sieyes --
Carnot as a Model Citizen -- His Capacity as a Military
Organizer -- His Personal Character -- His Policy -- France
at the Opening of 1796 -- Plans of the Directory -- Their
Inheritance.

[Sidenote: 1796.]

The great European coalition against France which had been formed in
1792 had in it