hat _all_
in orders may have tippets. This notion is confirmed by the fact, that
the scarf was frequently called a _tippet_ in Ireland within memory. And
in a letter, discussing this very subject, in the _Gentleman's Mag._
(for 1818, part ii. p. 218.[7]), the testimony of one is given who had
for upwards of fifty years considered the two words as identical, and
had heard them in his youth used indiscriminately by aged clergymen. It
is notorious that in Ireland, time out of mind, _tippets_ have been more
generally worn than _hoods_ in parish churches there. I am not sure
(though I lay no stress on the conjecture) whether this may not have
been in {337} consequence of the option apparently given by the Canons
of wearing _either_ hood or tippet.

It is not correct to restrict the _customary_ use of the scarf to
doctors, prebendaries, and chaplains. In some cathedrals the immemorial
custom has been to assign it to minor canons and clerical vicars also.
At Canterbury, indeed, the minor canons, except otherwise qualified, do
not wear it. (But is not this an exception? Was it always so? And, by
the way, can any cathedral member of old standing testify as to the
customary distinction in his church between the two scarfs, either as to
size or materials?) The very general use of it in towns cannot be
denied.

I may add, that Bishop Jebb used to disapprove of its disuse by country
clergymen. In his Charge he requests that "all beneficed clergymen" of
his diocese "who are _Masters of Arts_, or of any superior degree, and
who by chaplaincies or otherwise are entitled to the distinction, may
with their surplices wear scarfs or _tippets_." This apparently was his
construction of the Canons.

JOHN JEBB.

[Footnote 7: See also p. 315.; and 1819, part i. p. 593.]

The narrow scarf, called the stole or orarium, is one of the most
ancient vestments used by the Christian clergy, representing in its
mystical signification the yoke of Christ. Though it may be true that
its use is not enjoined by any modern rubric or canon, custom, I think,
fully warrants the clergy in wearing it. What other sanction than custom
is there for the use of bands?

E. H. A.

A great deal of very interesting matter bearing upon this question, both
in an ecclesiastical and antiquarian point of view, though no definite
conclusion is arrived at, will be found in a pamphlet by G. A. French,
entitled _The Tippets of the Canons Ecclesiastical_.

AN OXFORD