r England and Wales alone, we have
167,307 deaths of males over fifteen; 23,422 of these wholly or
partly due to alcohol, and of this number 12,554 were married men
(i. e., 536 per 1,000). The average size of a family in England and
Wales is 4.62, according to Whitaker. If we multiply the number of
widows, 12,554, by 3.62, we shall have an approximation to the
number of widows and orphans made by alcohol in 1906. There were
45,445, or over 124 widows and orphans made by alcohol every day in
the year.

We may now note some further data helping us to compare the 12,554
alcohol-made widows with the 2,197 whose husbands' fortunes were
wholly or in part bound up with the welfare of the licensed trade.
(Of these latter, also, of course, a large proportion would be
alcohol-made.)

Dr. Tatham's recently published letter on occupational mortality in
the three years, 1900, 1901, 1902, informs us as to twenty-one
occupations in which the alcoholic death-rate is grossly excessive.
In these twenty-one occupations selected by Dr. Tatham as having an
alcohol mortality which exceeds the standard by at least 50 per
cent., we can work out the alcohol factor and find that it amounts
to 24.5 per cent. The table would take up too much space for me to
ask you to print it, but it is ready on demand, public or private.
The figures work out to show that 5,092 married men in these
twenty-one trades died in each year from alcohol. (I have taken
24.5 per cent, of the whole number of deaths in the three years,
and reckoned the married proportion of these.)

The calculation shows that in these twenty-one occupations the
comparative alcohol mortality is 24.5 per cent., as against only 12
per cent. in all other occupations.

Amongst the occupations in Dr. Tatham's table may be noted
coalheaver, coach, cab, etc., service, groom, butcher, messenger,
tobacconist, general labourer, general shopkeeper, brewer, chimney
sweep, dock labourer, hawker, publican, inn and hotel servants. A
glance at the table will show that in most cases the men who are
dying are "industrial drinkers," who frequent public-houses in the
districts where the reduction in the number of the licenses under
the present Bill will occur. Often nowadays the widows are heavy
drinkers, and the lives of the