body in the
wind-pipe or when it has become suddenly closed in diseases such as croup
and diphtheria. It is always an emergency operation and is only resorted
to when it is evident that unless severe measures are taken the patient
will choke to death. Intubation is more frequently practised in disease
when the breathing has become difficult owing to the growth of membrane in
the larynx. A tube of the proper size is placed in the wind-pipe and
allowed to remain there until the disease has lost its force and the
membrane no longer obstructs the air passage. This tube allows the patient
to breathe freely as it furnishes an opening for the air and an attendant
notices the change immediately. Intubation should be performed before the
patient has become weak.

TONSILS.--A person who is subject to enlarged tonsils should watch them
carefully. If they contain pus for any length of time they should be
removed, for they not only obstruct the breathing, but are a menace to the
health. Enucleation is usually the best method of removal. Enucleation
means the operation of extracting a tumor in entirety after opening its
sac, but without further cutting. Removal of the tonsils is a simple
operation, usually not requiring the use of anesthetics and most
physicians advise the removal of an enlarged or troublesome tonsil.

CALCULI OR STONES.--Calculi or stones are removed from the gall bladder,
gall ducts, kidneys, ureter and bladder by operations, when it has been
ascertained that the patient cannot "pass them." Many physicians prefer to
locate the calculus by use of the X-rays before deciding to operate, and
there can be no doubt as to the wisdom of this. In these, as in all
operations, success depends largely upon the general condition of the
patient. They are not considered dangerous operations, but the final
decision as to their necessity should rest, in each case, with a competent
physician or surgeon.

KIDNEYS, STOMACH, PROSTATE, ETC.--Little can be said in this brief
paragraph concerning the many operations that are now performed upon the
different organs. What applies to one applies, in general, to all.
Operations are now performed, and successfully, for pus in the kidney,
floating kidney, etc. Ulcers and cancers are removed from the stomach and
reproductive organs. In some cases it has been necessary to remove the
organs in their entirety. Pieces of the intestines have been removed with
gratifying results in cases of ul