f this symptom develops suddenly the danger to both is
greatly increased. For this reason physicians should urge pregnant women
to have their urine examined frequently, especially during the later
months of pregnancy.

Treatment.--Regulation of the diet; in pronounced cases the diet should
consist entirely of milk and the patient should take three or four quarts
in twenty-four hours. Meats, pastry and sweets must be prohibited, but
vegetables such as squash, spinach, salads may be added to the dietary in
ordinary cases. Vichy water may be taken alone or with the milk, and may
be taken freely. The bowels should be kept open with citrate of magnesia
(one to two teaspoonfuls in water) or epsom salts in peppermint water.
Exercise in the open air can be taken in moderation. Warm clothing should
be worn and flannel next the skin; exposure to cold and draughts should be
carefully avoided. If the more special symptoms appear, such as persistent
headache, vertigo, ringing in the ears, black or bright spots floating
before the eyes, dimness of vision, an abortion of miscarriage should be
induced without delay. Fortunately such cases are rare and with care from
the beginning seldom occur. Pregnant women should inform their family
physician at the beginning of pregnancy of their condition, and in the
great majority of cases serious troubles can be prevented. Physicians
expect this information and receive it as a matter of course, and no woman
should hesitate to inform her physician either personally or through her
husband.

[OBSTETRICS OR MIDWIFERY 525]

Abortion, Miscarriage, Premature Labor. (Accidents of pregnancy).--These
three terms indicate a premature expulsion of the products of conception.
Let us medically define these terms as follows; Abortion implies expulsion
of the foetus before the sixteenth week. Miscarriage, the expulsion
between the sixteenth and twenty-eighth weeks. Premature labor designates
the time of expulsion as between the twenty-eighth week to within a few
weeks before the normal termination of pregnancy. Miscarriage is the term
popularly used for the accidental loss of the products of conception.
Abortion, in the popular mind, expresses the intentional loss of the
products of conception. Abortion in the medical sense, takes place about
once in every four or five pregnancies. It occurs more frequently in those
who have borne children, occurring generally in the third or fourth
pregnancy, or toward the en