e the interments of a foreign race, differing from the
Egyptians of the dynastic periods in physical features and in habits;
that they were probably a white race akin to the modern non-Semitic
inhabitants of North Africa; and, further, that they invaded Egypt at
the close of the Old Kingdom, and were again expelled by the rising
strength of the Xth and XIth dynasties.

[These people were at first called by Dr. Petrie "the New Race," but
they have received other names. M. de Morgan, in his Ethnographic
Prehistorique, has attributed this class of monuments to the Neolithic
period, and called the men of the contracted burials "les indigenes."
The name "Libyans" has also obtained some vogue; it emphasises the
undoubted distinction of race between this people and the historic
Egyptians, and may perhaps be used as a general name for the people
of the contracted burials until a clearer distinction than is now
possible be made between (_a_) the Neolithic period before the advent
of the dynastic Egyptians; (_b_) the time between the Egyptian arrival
and the consolidation of the kingdom under Menes; and (_c_) the first
three dynasties.]

15. The conclusion that these people differed from the Egyptians has
not been much disputed, but the above dating has been opposed, and the
evidence from El Kab convinced me that we were wrong, and that M. de
Morgan was right in attributing the bulk of this civilisation to the
praedynastic period. Of this dating, the remarkable finds of M.
Amelineau at Abydos, and those of M. de Morgan himself at Naqada, have
given very strong proof; but the more fragmentary evidence of El Kab,
which led me independently to the same conclusion, may retain still a
certain interest.

M. Amelineau's excavations at Abydos began at the end of 1896--the
winter after our Naqada campaign--and many of the objects he found
are already exhibited at Ghizeh, others are at Paris, and a few have
found their way to England. Among them are many pots and stone bowls
of undoubted late Neolithic type, with whole classes of objects which
did not occur at Naqada, stelae, inscribed scarabs of limestone, and
clay seals stamped with the Ka names of kings. The long pots on which
these inscribed clay seals still fit are of a type found once at
Ballas, and so prove some connection of the Ka names with the
contracted burials.

This year Sethe's important paper (A. Z. XXXV, 1) identifying three of
Amelineau's names with known kings of th