leave the Campus. The question of illumination was a
serious one in those days, and these periods varied somewhat with the
length of daylight. The cost of candles for early recitations and chapel
exercises was borne by the students.

The number of students increased each year up to 1847-48, when there
were 89 enrolled. After that time, the withdrawal of University support
from the branches and their gradual abandonment began to show its effect
in the enrolment, which dropped to 57 in 1851-52. Twenty-three students
were graduated with the class of 1849, while there were only nine in
1852. The struggling little towns of the State found enough difficulty
for the time in supporting primary schools. The branches, however, had
proved their necessity, and it was not long before the rise of the Union
schools began to provide a stream of students which has flowed to the
University uninterruptedly since that time.

[Illustration: FOUR MEMBERS OF THE EARLY FACULTY

George Palmer Williams (1802-1881)
Andrew Ten Brook (1814-1899)
Abram Sager (1810-1877)
Thomas McIntyre Cooley (1824-1898)]

There was another and probably more immediate reason for the falling off
in attendance. This was the great struggle between the Faculty and the
students over the establishment of Greek-letter societies, a contest
which became so bitter that not only the town but the State Legislature
was involved. A large number of students were expelled, and eventually
the whole relationship between students and Faculty was placed upon a
different basis. The trouble began in the spring of 1846, when some
student depredations were traced to a small log house situated in the
depths of what was then known as the Black Forest, the deep wood which
extended far east of the Campus. This building, which probably stood
somewhere on the present site of the Forest Hill Cemetery, was
discovered to be the headquarters of the Chi Psi fraternity, the first
chapter house built by any American college fraternity. When the faculty
investigator sought entrance to this building, he found his way
barred by resolute fratres. This led to the ultimate disclosure of the
fact that two fraternities, Chi Psi and Beta Theta Pi, had been
established in the University for at least a year, in direct violation
of a regulation known as Rule 20, apparently in force for some time,
which provided that:

No student shall be or become a member of any society connected
with the