struction,
it becomes necessary to take one more retrospect.

[Footnote 1: The Grey Friars Monastery was on the site of Christ's
Hospital, this year removed. The Chronicler was one of the expelled
monks, and, naturally enough, was shocked at the whole business.]

[Footnote 2: Robert Machyn was an upholsterer of Queenhithe, whose
business, however, was chiefly in the way of funerals. He kept a
diary, which is much used by Strype in his _Annals_, but has been
reprinted in full by the Camden Society. It is very amusing, very
illiterate, and full of gossip. He was a hot partisan of the Roman
faith, and so never loses the opportunity of a fling at the Reformers.
He died of the plague in 1563.]

[Footnote 3: Milman's _Annals of St. Paul's_, pp. 280-1.]

* * * * *

CHAPTER VI.

THE CLERGY AND THE SERVICES.

_St. Paul's a Cathedral of the_ "_Old Foundation_"--_The Dean_
--_The Canons_--_The Prebends_--_Residentiaries_--_Treasurer_
--_Chancellor_--_Archdeacons_--_Minor Canons_--_Chantries_
--_Obits_--_Music in Old St. Paul's_--_Tallis_--_Redford_--_Byrd_
--_Morley_--_Dramatic Performances_--_The Boy Bishop_--_The Gift
of the Buck and Doe._

We have recorded the building of the Cathedral and some of the
principal national events of which it was the scene. But it is also
necessary, if our conception of its history is to aim at completeness,
to consider the character of its services, of its officers, of its
everyday life.

We speak of St. Paul's as "a Cathedral of the Old Foundation," and
of Canterbury and Winchester as of "the New Foundation." What is
the difference? The two last named, along with seven others, had
monasteries attached to them. Of such monasteries the Bishop was the
Abbot, and the cathedral was immediately ruled by his subordinate, who
was the Prior. Other monasteries also had Priors, namely, those which
were attached to greater ones. Thus the "Alien" houses belonged to
great monasteries at a distance, some of them even across the sea, in
Normandy. These houses became very unpopular, as being colonies of
foreigners whose interests were not those of England, and they were
abolished in the reign of Henry V. When Henry VIII. went further
and dissolved the monasteries altogether, it became needful to
reconstitute those cathedrals which were administered by monks. St.
Paul's not being such, remained on the old foundation; Winchester, of
which t