e affirm that there are twenty-five
thousand Christian Families in Agra, but all do not agree in that'
(Part III, p. 35). Thevonot's statement about the Christians of Agra
is further discussed post in Chapter 52.

10. The war with Nepal began in October, 1814, and was not concluded
till 1816. During its progress the British arms suffered several
reverses.

11. The Betiya (Bettiah of _I. G_., 1908) Raj is a great estate with
an area of 1,824 square miles in the northern part of the Champaran
District of Bihar, in the Province of Bihar and Orissa. A great
portion of the estate is held (1908) on permanent leases by European
indigo-planters.

12. For discussion of this system see post, Chapter 7.

13. 'Pucka' (_pakka_) here means 'masonry', as opposed to 'Kutcha'
(_kachcha_), meaning 'earthen'.

14. Native Christians, according to the census of 1872, number 1,214
persons, who are principally found in Bettia thana [police-circle].
There are two Missions, one at Bettia, and the other at the village
of Chuhari, both supported by the Roman Catholic Church. The former
was founded in 1746 by a certain Father Joseph, from Garingano in
Italy, who went to Bettia on the invitation of the Maharaja. The
present number of converts is about 1,000 persons. Being principally
descendants of Brahmans, they hold a fair social position; but some
of them are extremely poor. About one-fourth are carpenters, one-
tenth blacksmiths, one-tenth servants, the remainder carters. The
Chuhari Mission was founded in 1770 by three Catholic priests, who
had been expelled from Nepal [after the Gorkha conquest in 1768].
There are now 283 converts, mostly descendants of Nepalis. They are
all agriculturists, and very poor (Article 'Champaran District' in
_Statistical Account of Bengal_, 1877).

The statement in _I.G._ 1908, s.v. Bettiah, differs slightly, as
follows:

'A Roman Catholic Mission was established about 1740 by Father
Joseph Mary, an Italian missionary of the Capuchin Order, who was
passing near Bettiah on his way to Nepal, when he was summoned by
Raja Dhruva Shah to attend his daughter, who was dangerously ill. He
succeeded in curing her, and the grateful Raja invited him to stay at
Bettiah and gave him a house and ninety acres of land.' The Bettiah
Mission still exists and maintains the Catholic Mission Press, where
publications illustrating the history of the Capuchin Missions have
been printed. Father Felix, O.C., is at work on th