n
trade. The onset of the financial crisis in Russia dashed Ukraine's
hopes for its first year of economic growth in 1998 due to a sharp
fall in export revenue and reduced domestic demand. Output continued
to drop, slightly, in 1999. The government has also not been able to
significantly decrease its huge backlog of wage and pension arrears.
Despite increasing pressure from the IMF to accelerate reform,
substantial economic restructuring remains unlikely in 2000, largely
because of resistance in the communist-dominated legislature to
further privatization.

GDP: purchasing power parity - $109.5 billion (1999 est.)

GDP - real growth rate: -0.4% (1999 est.)

GDP - per capita: purchasing power parity - $2,200 (1999 est.)

GDP - composition by sector:
agriculture: 12%
industry: 26%
services: 62% (1998 est.)

Population below poverty line: 50% (1999 est.)

Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%: 4.1%
highest 10%: 20.8% (1992)

Inflation rate (consumer prices): 20% (1999 est.)

Labor force: 22.8 million (yearend 1997)

Labor force - by occupation: industry and construction 32%,
agriculture and forestry 24%, health, education, and culture 17%,
trade and distribution 8%, transport and communication 7%, other 12%
(1996)

Unemployment rate: 4.3% officially registered; large number of
unregistered or underemployed workers (December 1999)

Budget:
revenues: $8.3 billion
expenditures: $8.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA
(1999 est.)

Industries: coal, electric power, ferrous and nonferrous metals,
machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, food-processing
(especially sugar)

Industrial production growth rate: 4.3% (1999 est.)

Electricity - production: 171 billion kWh (1999)

Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel: 52%
hydro: 5.9%
nuclear: 42.1%
other: 0% (1999)

Electricity - consumption: 144.011 billion kWh (1998)

Electricity - exports: 7 billion kWh (1998)

Electricity - imports: 4.15 billion kWh (1998)

Agriculture - products: grain, sugar beets, sunflower seeds,
vegetables; beef, milk

Exports: $11.6 billion (1999 est.)

Exports - commodities: ferrous and nonferrous metals, fuel and
petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment, food products

Exports - partners: Russia 20%, EU 17%, China 7%, Turkey 6%, US 4%
(1999)

Imports: $11.8 billion (1999 est.)

Imports - commodities: energy, machinery and parts, transportation
equipme