and "ideal
science," fell far behind Comte, who expressed the immovable position,
not only of positive science but of all intelligence, in these words:
"Le veritable esprit positif consiste surtout a substituer toujours
l'etude des _lois_ invariables des phenomenes a celles de leurs _causes_
proprement dites, premieres ou finales, en un mot la determination du
_comment_ a celle du _pourquoi_."--_Systemede[TN-4] Politique Positive_,
i. p. 47. Compare Spencer's Essay entitled, "Reasons for dissenting from
Comte." The purposive law is the only final cause which reason allows.
Comte's error lay in ignoring this class of laws.

[43-1] _The Institutes of Metaphysic_, 2d Ed. See also Bain, _The
Emotions and the Will_, the closing note.

[44-1] Boole, _Laws of Thought_, p. 401.

THE EMOTIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE RELIGIOUS SENTIMENT.

SUMMARY.

The Religious Sentiment is made up of emotions and thoughts. The
emotions are historically first and most prominent. Of all
concerned, Fear is the most obvious. Hope is its correlate. Both
suppose Experience, and a desire to repeat or avoid it. Hence a
Wish is the source of both emotions, and the proximate element of
religion. The significance of desire as the postulate of
development. The influence of fear and hope. The conditions which
encourage them.

The success of desire fails to gratify the religious sentiment. The
alternative left is eternal repose, or else action, unending yet
which aims at nothing beyond. The latter is reached through Love.
The result of love is _continuance_. Illustrations of this. Sexual
love and the venereal sense in religions. The hermaphrodite gods.
The virgin mother. Mohammed was the first to proclaim a deity above
sex. The conversion of sexual and religious emotion exemplified
from insane delusions. The element of fascination. The love of God.
Other emotional elements in religions.

The religious wish defined to be one _whose fruition depends upon
unknown power_. To be religious, one must desire and be ignorant.
The unknown power is of religious interest only in so far as it is
believed to be in relation to men's desires. In what sense
ignorance is the mother of devotion.

CHAPTER II.

THE EMOTIONAL ELEMENTS OF THE RELIGIOUS SENTIMENT.

The discussion in the last chapter illustrated how closely pain and
pleasure, truth and