km NA gauges

Highways:
total: 913,000 km
paved: 353,331 km (including 13,630 km of expressways)
unpaved: 559,669 km (1996 est.)

Waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft

Pipelines: crude oil 2,500 km; petroleum products 500 km; natural
gas 5,600 km

Ports and harbors: Adelaide, Brisbane, Cairns, Darwin, Devonport
(Tasmania), Fremantle, Geelong, Hobart (Tasmania), Launceston
(Tasmania), Mackay, Melbourne, Sydney, Townsville

Merchant marine:
total: 57 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,767,387 GRT/2,426,710
DWT
ships by type: bulk 29, cargo 3, chemical tanker 4, container 4,
liquefied gas tanker 4, oil tanker 8, passenger 1, roll-on/roll-off
cargo 4 (1998 est.)

Airports: 408 (1998 est.)

Airports--with paved runways:
total: 262
over 3,047 m: 11
2,438 to 3,047 m: 11
1,524 to 2,437 m: 112
914 to 1,523 m: 120
under 914 m: 8 (1998 est.)

Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 146
1,524 to 2,437 m: 19
914 to 1,523 m: 114
under 914 m: 13 (1998 est.)

Military

Military branches: Australian Army, Royal Australian Navy, Royal
Australian Air Force

Military manpower--military age: 17 years of age

Military manpower--availability:
males age 15-49: 4,882,693 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--fit for military service:
males age 15-49: 4,212,272 (1999 est.)

Military manpower--reaching military age annually:
males: 130,570 (1999 est.)

Military expenditures--dollar figure: $6.9 billion (FY97/98)

Military expenditures--percent of GDP: 1.9% (FY97/98)

Transnational Issues

Disputes--international: territorial claim in Antarctica
(Australian Antarctic Territory)

Illicit drugs: Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of
licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over
areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw
concentrate

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@Austria
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Introduction

Background: Once the center of power for the large
Austro-Hungarian empire, Austria was reduced to a small republic
after its defeat in World War I. After the annexation to Nazi
Germany in 1938 and subsequent occupation by the victorious Allied
powers, Austria's 1955 State Treaty declared the country
"permanently neutral" as a condition of the Soviet military
withdrawal. The Soviet collapse relieved the ex