opper, construction materials, mining (particularly
coal); food and beverage, processing of animal products

Industrial production growth rate: 4.5% (1997 est.)

Electricity--production: 2.3 billion kWh (1996)

Electricity--production by source:
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (1996)

Electricity--consumption: 2.681 billion kWh (1996)

Electricity--exports: 0 kWh (1996)

Electricity--imports: 381 million kWh (1996)

Agriculture--products: wheat, barley, potatoes, forage crops;
sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses

Exports: $316.8 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Exports--commodities: copper, livestock, animal products,
cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals

Exports--partners: China 30.1%, Switzerland 21.5%, Russia 12.1%,
South Korea 9.7%, US 8.1% (1998)

Imports: $472.4 million (f.o.b., 1998)

Imports--commodities: machinery and equipment, fuels, food
products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials,
sugar, tea

Imports--partners: Russia 30.6%, China 13.3%, Japan 11.7%, South
Korea 7.5%, US 6.9% (1998)

Debt--external: $500 million (1996 est.)

Economic aid--recipient: $250 million (1998 est.)

Currency: 1 tughrik (Tug) = 100 mongos

Exchange rates: tughriks (Tug) per US$1--902 (January 1999),
840.83 (1998), 789.99 (1997), 548.40 (1996), 448.61 (1995), 412.72
(1994)

Fiscal year: calendar year

Communications

Telephones: 93,600 (1998)

Telephone system:
domestic: NA
international: satellite earth station--1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean
Region)

Radio broadcast stations: AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 0

Radios: 220,000

Television broadcast stations: 1 (in addition, there are 18
provincial repeaters) (1997)

Televisions: 120,000 (1993 est.)

Transportation

Railways:
total: 1,928 km
broad gauge: 1,928 km 1.524-m gauge (1994)

Highways:
total: 46,470 km
paved: 3,730 km
unpaved: 42,740 km (1997 est.)
note: much of the unpaved rural road system consists of rough
cross-country tracks

Waterways: 397 km of principal routes (1988)

Ports and harbors: none

Airports: 34 (1994 est.)

Airports--with paved runways:
total: 8
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
under 914 m: 1 (1994 est.)

Airports--with unpaved runways:
total: 26
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 10
914 to 1,523 m: 3
under 914 m: 5 (1994 est.)

Military

Military branche