e same also under the surface in the great
bodies of water, for fishes and other animals respire upon the same
principle, though not exactly by contact with the open air. They respire
by the oxygen which is dissolved from the air by the water, and form
carbonic acid; and they all move about to produce the one great work of
making the animal and vegetable kingdoms subservient to each other.

All the plants growing upon the surface of the earth absorb carbon.
These leaves are taking up their carbon from the atmosphere, to which we
have given it in the form of carbonic acid, and they are prospering.
Give them a pure air like ours, and they could not live in it; give them
carbon with other matters, and they live and rejoice. So are we made
dependent not merely upon our fellow-creatures, but upon our
fellow-existers, all Nature being tied by the laws that make one part
conduce to the good of the other.

AUGUSTE FOREL

The Senses of Insects

Auguste Forel, who in 1909 retired from the Chair of Morbid
Psychology in the University of Zuerich, was born on September 1,
1848, and is one of the greatest students of the minds and senses
of the lower animals and mankind. Among his most famous works are
his "Hygiene of Nerves and Mind," his great treatise on the whole
problem of sex in human life, of which a cheap edition entitled
"Sexual Ethics" is published, his work on hypnotism, and his
numerous contributions to the psychology of insects. The chief
studies of this remarkable and illustrious student and thinker for
many decades past have been those of the senses and mental
faculties of insects. He has recorded the fact that his study of
the beehive led him to his present views as to the right
constitution of the state--views which may be described as
socialism with a difference. His work on insects has served the
study of human psychology, and is in itself the most important
contribution to insect psychology ever made by a single student.
Only within the last two years has the work of Forel, long famous
on the European Continent, begun to be known abroad.

_I.--Insect Activity and Instinct_

This subject is one of great interest, as much from the standpoint of
biology as from that of comparative psychology. The very peculiar
mechanism of instincts always has its starting-point in sensations. To
comprehend this mechanism it is es