way it would be possible for them all to maintain a standard
of popular well-being even higher than is fully consistent with
the maximum military power, even in the presence of prolific and
aggressive rival nations.

[Footnote 1: Even more important than these is the relative decrease
of the successful strains of the population, briefly treated in Vol.
I, ch. 33. This is the problem of eugenics, the choice and biologic
breeding of capable men to be the citizens of the nation, and broadly
understood, it includes both the negro and the immigrant problems.]

[Footnote 2: See Vol. I, p. 430, figure 58, showing the fall in the
decennial rate of increase of negroes compared with whites; and see
comment in accompanying note.]

[Footnote 3: See above, ch. 20, sec. 11, and references in note.]

[Footnote 4: See below, sec. 12.]

[Footnote 5: See Vol. I, p. 221, on non-competing classes.]

[Footnote 6: The latest and best statement is that of H.P. Fairchild,
"Immigration," pp. 215-225, citing various opinions, and accepting the
view of Walker. But he says (p. 216): "It must be admitted that
this is not a proposition which can be demonstrated in an absolutely
mathematical way, which will leave no further ground for argument."]

[Footnote 7: See Vol. I, p. 429, for figures of population and of
decennial rates of increase.]

[Footnote 8: The effect of the growth of cities is discussed in the
"American Journal of Sociology," Vol. 18, p. 342, in an article on
"Walker's Theory of Immigration," by E.A. Goldenweiser.]

[Footnote 9: See Vol. I, p. 420.]

[Footnote 10: See Vol. I, chs. 34 and 35.]

[Footnote 11: E.g., see above ch. 14, sec. 11 on the prodigal land
policy.]

[Footnote 12: See Vol. I, p. 436 ff.]

[Footnote 13: See Vol. I, ch. 36, on machinery and wages.]

[Footnote 14: For analysis of the available statistics bearing on the
subject, with conclusions that real wages are no longer rising, see
H.P. Fairchild, in "American Economic Review" (March, 1916), "The
standard of living-up or down?"]

[Footnote 15: Peter Roberts, in "The New Immigration," 1912, preface,
p. viii, and p. 47.]

[Footnote 16: See above, sec. 7; also ch. 21, sec. 9.]

[Footnote 17: See above, sec. 2, note; also Vol. I, p. 422.]

[Footnote 18: See Vol. I, p, 412, on war and the pressure of
population.]

PART VI

PROBLEMS OF INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION

CHAPTER 25

AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL POPULATION

Sec. 1. Agricul