d be made with
reference to this object; the system of agricultural credit should be
developed and administered to assist; special efforts in agricultural
education should be made and active administrative efforts should be
directed, toward this important end.

[Footnote 1: See above, ch. 1, secs. 7 and 8.]

[Footnote 2: See ch. 14, sec. 5.]

[Footnote 3: See Vol. I, p. 437.]

[Footnote 4: It must be observed in studying these figures, that
farmers' wives and children, working at home, are not reported as
gainfully occupied. But a widow or a spinster owner, if herself acting
as the enterpriser, is reported as "occupied" in agriculture. The
increasing number of such cases in the past generation in part
explains the growing number and percentage of females in agriculture.

Number occupied in agriculture Per cent of all persons occupied
Males Females Both sexes Males Females Both sexes

1880... 7,068,658 594,385 7,663,043 47.9 22.5 44.1
1890... 7,787,539 678,824 8,466,363 41.4 17.3 37.2
1900... 9,272,315 977,336 10,249,651 39.0 18.4 35.3
1910...10,582,039 1,806,584 12,388,623 35.2 22.4 32.5
]

[Footnote 5: See further, ch. 26, secs. 1 and 2 on the size of farms
as an economic factor.]

[Footnote 6: See above, sec. 2, on the distinction between rural and
agricultural. In part the change here noted results from increases in
the population of towns and incorporated places from a little below
2500 to something about 2500. For example, if there were 2499 persons
in a town in 1900 they would all be classified as rural; if in 1910
there were 2500 or more they would all be classified as urban.]

[Footnote 7: Sec Vol. I, p. 225, and note 11.]

[Footnote 8: See Vol. I, p. 206.]

[Footnote 9: See Vol. I, p. 227, note, for figures on owners and farm
laborers.]

CHAPTER 26

PROBLEMS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS

Sec. 1. Size of farms, and total farming area. Sec. 2. Influences acting
upon the size of farms. Sec. 3. Self-sufficing versus commercial farming.
Sec. 4. Farming viewed as a capitalistic enterprise. Sec. 5. Diversified versus
specialized farming. Sec. 6. Conditions favoring diversified farming. Sec. 7.
Intensive farming in Europe and America. Sec. 8. Prospect of more intensive
cultivation of land in America. Sec. 9. The new agriculture. Sec. 10.
Difficulty of cooeperation among farmers