el successfully without living models;
and in America, in my time, it was almost at the peril of
reputation, both for model and sculptor, that an artist employed
the living model, even if he could procure it. Now, I understand, a
few models may be obtained in New York; but they are so rare and so
expensive, that it is almost ruinous to employ them. It costs two
or three dollars there to secure a model which here may be had for
half a day for forty cents. There is no want of models here; but
their history is a sad one, and makes one often seriously lament
the necessity for employing them. Young women, especially, are
driven to this employment by the want of bread. I have numerous
offers of their services made by parents who are in great distress.
I make it a point to discourage all who come to me from entering
the business, and am only conquered when I feel sure that, if I
decline, they will be driven to other studios. I prefer only
professional models, already thoroughly committed to the calling,
as I shrink from the responsibility of leading any into so perilous
a vocation. They are usually accompanied by their mothers, and I
strive to treat them in a way to save their self-respect and
delicacy--a very hard task, which too often breaks down in less
scrupulous hands.

2. The opportunities of anatomical studies are here nearly perfect,
and free from all expense. The medical schools not only illustrate
anatomy by surgery on the cadaver, but standing by the side of the
dead body is a living one, in which the action of the muscles
dissected before the student may be studied in life. These colleges
are open to all artists, and furnish the best possible schooling in
anatomy, a thorough acquaintance with which is indispensable to the
sculptor, and can only be obtained in America at great cost.

3. Marble is no cheaper here than in New York, the long
sea-carriage costing no more to America than the short
land-carriage does from the quarries to Florence or Rome. But good
workmen, who can not be dispensed with, are so abundant and so
cheap here, so rare and so dear at home, that that alone is a
decisive reason for coming abroad. Even here it is a heavy expense
to procure sufficient and competent workmen; at home it is almost
at ruinous cost and with ne