rinting processes
depending upon photography as a basis, by which drawings may be
duplicated, but they can be roughly divided into two main classes
according to the character of the original drawings. In general, line
drawings may be treated by one process, while those in which there is a
gradation of tones or tints, no matter in what way produced (except by
distinct lines), require another and entirely different process. Line
reproductions may be made in several different ways, but the
requirements in the original drawing are the same in each. The first
requisite is that a drawing shall be made in absolutely black ink on
white paper, and with clear, firm lines. With a little care it is just
as easy to make a drawing in this way as any other, and a satisfactory
reproduction can be assured when it is kept in mind that nothing but
black will give the best results. In the early days of process work it
was customary to use India ink ground by the draughtsman, but excellent
liquid inks, such, for instance, as that made by Charles M. Higgins &
Co., have taken the place of this, at a great saving of labor and
trouble. It is only necessary to take care that the ink is new and not
too watery, and that a sufficient amount is carried in the pen to insure
a black line. Gray lines, although full and continuous, are very apt to
be ragged and broken in the reproduction. Aside from this first
condition there are few others which are really mandatory. A drawing
made with vigorous, well-defined lines and rather open in treatment
will, as a rule, make the most satisfactory reproduction.

There is never difficulty in getting a good reproduction from such work
as that by which Mr. H.P. Kirby or Mr. D.A. Gregg is known. For this
purpose their style could hardly be improved upon. A drawing can be made
with fine and delicate lines and still reproduce well if there is not
too much difference in size between the original and the reproduction
required. In general, the best results can be obtained by making the
plate about two thirds the size of the original.

Drawings in colored inks on tinted paper are difficult to reproduce
satisfactorily, and of all combinations a bluish ink upon a yellowish
paper is to be avoided.

In general, it can be said that everything, even including line drawings
in pen and ink, _can_ be reproduced by the half-tone processes, the
quality of the plate depending upon the character of the original.
Water-colors, monoch