genuity of labor unions, political and social organizations,
schools, libraries, and churches, in the endeavor to transform
medieval peasants into democratic peers.

FOOTNOTES:

[Footnote 34: This lament of Henry James's is cited by E.A. Ross in
_The Old World in the New_, p. 101.]

[Footnote 35: Emily Greene Balch, _Our Slavic Fellow Citizens_, p.
8-9.]

[Footnote 36: Edward A. Steiner, _On the Trail of the Immigrant_, p.
228.]

[Footnote 37: This is an estimate made by the Reverend W.X. Kruszka of
Ripon, Wisconsin, as reported by E.G. Balch in _Our Slavic Fellow
Citizens_, p. 262. Of this large number, Chicago claims 350,000; New
York City, 250,000; Buffalo, 80,000; Milwaukee, 75,000; Detroit,
75,000; while at least a dozen other cities have substantial Polish
settlements. These numbers include the suburbs of each city.]

[Footnote 38: This is accounted for by the fact that the Hungarian
Government rigorously censored Slovak publications.]

[Footnote 39: Since the Russo-Japanese War, Siberia has absorbed great
numbers of Russian immigrants. This accounts for the small number that
have come to America.]

[Footnote 40: _Our Slavic Fellow Citizens_, p. 280.]

[Footnote 41: _On the Trail of the Immigrant_, p. 27.]

[Footnote 42: The census figures show that approximately half the
Italian immigrants return to their native land. American officers in
the Great War were surprised to find so many Italian soldiers who
spoke English. In 1910 there remained in the United States only
1,343,000 Italians who were born in Italy, and the total number of
persons of Italian stock in the United States was 2,098,000.]

[Footnote 43: According to the Census of 1910 there were 544,000
Italians in New York City]

[Footnote 44: The Census of 1910 gives the following distribution of
the American white population by percentages:

------------------------+--------+-----------------+---------
| | Native born |
| Native | of Foreign or | Foreign
Location | stock | mixed parentage | born
------------------------+--------+-----------------+---------
Rural districts | 64.1 | 13.3 | 7.5
| | |
Cities 2,500- 10,000 | 57.5 | 20.6 | 13.9
" 10,000- 25,000 | 50.4 | 24.6 | 17.4
" 25,000-100,000 | 45.9 | 26.5 | 20.2
" 100,000-500,