bulk 10, combination ore/oil 6, container 168, liquefied
gas 35, livestock carrier 2, multi-functional large-load carrier 1,
petroleum tanker 287, refrigerated cargo 6, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea
passenger 1, specialized tanker 11, vehicle carrier 32 note: includes
some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:
Kong 44, Indonesia 8, Japan 52, Malaysia 4, Monaco 22, Netherlands 2,
Norway 42, Philippines 6, Russia 3, Slovenia 1, South Korea 10, Sweden 13,
Switzerland 7, Taiwan 46, Tanzania 2, Thailand 22, United Arab Emirates 4,
United Kingdom 14, United States 1 (2002 est.)

Airports: 9 (2001)

Airports - with paved runways: total: 9 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2001)

Military Singapore

Military branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, People's Defense Force,
Police Force

Military manpower - availability: males age 15-49: 1,354,857 (2002 est.)

Military manpower - fit for military service: males age 15-49: 986,101
(2002 est.)

Military expenditures - dollar figure: $4.47 billion (FY01/02 est.)

Military expenditures - percent of GDP: 4.9% (FY01/02)

Transnational Issues Singapore

Disputes - international: Singapore and Malaysia are considering taking
the unresolved dispute over Pulau Batu Putih (Pedra Branca Island)
to ICJ; Malaysia concerned over Singapore's land reclamation works on
Johor, which affects the maritime boundary, shipping lanes, and water
ecology in the Tebrau Reach

Illicit drugs: as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore
is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to use as a transit
point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering

This page was last updated on 1 January 2002

========================================================================

Somalia

Introduction

Somalia

Background: The SIAD BARRE regime was ousted in January 1991; turmoil,
factional fighting, and anarchy have followed for eleven years. In May
of 1991, northern clans declared an independent Republic of Somaliland
that now includes the administrative regions of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed,
Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool. Although not recognized by any government,
this entity has maintained a stable existence, aided by the overwhelming
dominance of a ruling clan and economic infrastructure left behind by
British, Russian, and American military assistance programs. The regions
of