ionised, and how in such matters even as milk and butter
machinery has to a very large extent replaced hand labour. These dairies
are beautifully clean, and the effect is in one case decidedly improved
by the introduction of a few stalls occupied by some pretty cows and a
little calf, some ewes and two kids, and some queer-looking Zulu sheep,
all of which excite much admiration.

Trades in Operation.

The West Gallery is one of the most popular and instructive in the
Exhibition. Here a variety of trades are in full operation, in which it
is possible to trace an article from the raw to the finished state. In
one stand, for instance, may be seen the whole process of
mustard-making. The seed may be viewed in the _pulveriser_, then in the
_crusher_, then in the _sieve_, and then being done up in packets of
various sizes for sale. The making of jam also affords much
entertainment to onlookers. Doubtless the nature of the trade will
account for the large crowds who surround the stand where Messrs.
Allen's industrious workmen turn out lozenges, and almonds, and
chocolate in enormous quantities. Their machines are busy from morn till
night. Where all the operations are interesting it is difficult to
specify any in particular; but, perhaps, the process of preparing,
cutting out, and printing lozenges is as worthy of special attention as
any. Elsewhere the mysteries of meat-cutting machines may be solved, and
the processes of aerated water making and of soap-making studied with
profit. These are but types of the busy life of the West Gallery, which
resounds with the clang of machinery in motion, and the hum of hundreds
of voices of amused spectators.

The Costume Show.

In the Western Quadrant will be found an exhibition of waxworks that
would have filled poor Artemus Ward's heart with joy. There are two
series of figures, representing English civil costumes and military
uniforms from William the Conqueror almost to the present day. They have
been prepared under the personal superintendence of the Hon. Lewis
Wingfield, and may therefore be relied upon for accuracy in every
respect. These series will repay careful study. The civil costumes start
with those of two women, a shepherd, and a man of the period of William
I. and wind up with samples of the era of George IV. It is impossible
here to go into details, but it may be said that costume does not
necessarily improve with time, as the dress of the last period is
certain