r planetary influence.]

[Footnote 145: which the Commentator explains _nirgranthi
prabhritayah_, by which probably are indicated those of the Hindu
community who disbelieve the Vedas, _e.g._ the Jains.]

[Footnote 146: the slayer of brahman, and such heinous criminals.
(_M._) Manu ch. 11, sl. 54. See Note [155].]

[Footnote 147: of either party. Perhaps this might be rendered,
partisans, or, allies.]

[Footnote 148: Said by the Commentator to allude to notorious liars.]

[Footnote 149: _scil._ as found in the other Smritis. The Commentator
(quoting Narada) gives a more detailed account of persons excluded or
exempt from giving testimony. Manu ch. 8, sl. 64--67.]

[Footnote 150: a fortiori two persons, (_M._)]

[Footnote 151: or, who knows the Dharma.]

[Footnote 152: The Commentator excludes from this enabling exception
those under moral (not merely arbitrary or conventional) disability,
as, criminals. Manu, ch. 8, sl. 72.]

[Footnote 153: also, murder. (_M._)]

[Footnote 154: _parushya_ and _sahasa_: v. supra in notes [9] et
[11].]

[Footnote 155: Who these are is described by Yajnavalkya, in the third
book, _scil._

sl. 227. The slayer of a brahman, the drinker of what intoxicates, the
thief, one who violates his _guru's_ bed, are great criminals--also,
whoever associates with such persons.

sl. 228. Grossly to revile one's _guru_, speaking reproachfully of the
Vedas, to slay a friend, after reading from the Veda to forget
it,--these [sins] are like to the murder of a brahman.

sl. 229. To eat forbidden food, a crooked insincere mode of dealing, a
multitude of lying words, kissing the mouth of a menstruous
woman,--these [sins] are like to drinking intoxicating liquor.

sl. 230. To steal horses, jewels, men, women, land, cows, property
pledged,--these [sins] are like to the stealing of gold.

sl. 231. To debauch a friend's wife, a maiden, a sister, a woman of
the lowest grade, a female relative, a son's wife,--these [sins] are
recorded as equivalent to violation of a _guru's_ bed.

sl. 232. To debauch a father's sister, or a mother's, the wife of a
maternal uncle, a daughter-in-law, a step-mother, the sister or
daughter of an _acharya_,

sl. 233. or his wife, or one's own daughter,--these are equal to
violation of a _guru's_ bed. The penalty is death, the pudenda [of the
criminal] being previously amputated. A like doom is for the woman, if
she consented.

See Manu, ch. 9, sl. 235; ch. 11, sl.