majority of one hundred and seventy-six against
seventy-two.

On the 1st of November a similar conflict occurred in the house of
lords. The Duke of Manchester moved in that house, "That bringing into
any part of the dominion of Great Britain the electoral troops of his
majesty, or any other foreign troops, without the previous consent of
parliament is dangerous and unconstitutional." This motion was supported
by arguments that the clause in the Bill of Rights ought to extend to
the colonies; that the Hanoverian troops would not be under the control
of our military law, etc.; that it was not by any means advisable to put
them in possession of Gibraltar and Minorca; and that the king had no
right to maintain even in a colony, or conquest, or in any part of
the British dominions, any other troops than were consented to by
parliament. To these arguments it was replied, that the clause in the
Bill of Rights specified "within the kingdom," and also "in time of
peace;" that the foreign troops were not "within the kingdom," and that
it was a time of war, and not of peace: that the expression, "within the
kingdom," did not include our colonies; and that should that latitude be
given the expression, the rebellious state of America would justify the
employment of British troops even upon the principles of the Bill of
Rights. It was also argued that the king had at all times during actual
war or rebellion, been competent to raise and keep up an army; that in
such a case the Bill of Rights had made no distinction between an
army of natives and an army of foreigners; that foreigners, since the
revolution of 1688, had not only been hired, but even brought into the
kingdom; and that there was an existing and paramount necessity at
this time for the employment of such troops. Ministers prevailed: the
previous question was moved and carried by a majority of 75 against
32. Two days after, a similar resolution was made in the commons by Sir
James Lowther, and was there disposed of in a similar manner. About the
same time the Bill of Indemnity passed the lower house, but in the upper
house it was rejected, on the grounds that it was alike unnecessary and
dishonourable to the administration.

CHANGES IN THE MINISTRY.

During the debate which followed the motion of the Duke of Manchester in
the house of lords, the Duke of Grafton had denounced the introduction
of foreign troops into Gibraltar and Minorca, as inconsistent with the
te