-38

1670............ 5,773,646 ............ 3-09

1700........... 6,045,608 ............ 4-70

1750........... 6,517,035 ............ 7-51

1760........... 6,479,730 ............ 7-28

1770........... 7,227,586 ............ 11-54

1780........... 7,814,827 ............ 8-12

1790........... 8,540,738 ............ 9-29

1800........... 9,187,176 ............ 7-56

From the last of these periods we have had a census every ten years; the
following are the results:--

Years. Population. Rate of Increase.

1801 ............ 10,267,893 ............

1811 ............ 12,047,455 ............ 14

1821 ............ 15,180,350 ............ 18

1831 ............ 16,364,893 ............ 15

1841 ............ 18,658,372 ............ 14

1851 ............ 20,936,468 ............ 12

It will thus be seen that our people more than doubled their numbers
during the first half of the present century. The population is now
more than twelve times as great as it was immediately after the Roman
conquest. These numbers did not increase in equal proportion over the
face of the whole island. Some of the rural districts have been thinned
by emigration, which had proceeded with great rapidity for some time,
partly to the manufacturing districts, and partly to the colonies and to
the United States of America. The agricultural districts also furnished
the greater proportion of recruits for the army, an average of from
thirty to forty thousand a year. The number of emigrants from the whole
of Great Britain during 1842 amounted to 128,344. The great increase
of population has been in our manufacturing towns, such as Birmingham,
where there were only 73,670 persons in 1801, and 173,081 in 1851;
Sheffield, which in 1736 contained 14,105, had increased to 88,447 in
1851; Manchester, exclusive of Salford, had only 41,032 in 1734, whereas
in 1851 it had 316,213; Liverpool, in 1700, had no more than 5,145
inhabitants, in 1851 it had 375,955. Glasgow three hundred years ago
contained only 4,500 inhabitants, in 1851 its numbers reached 344,986.
The density of the population was found to vary in different parts of
England, and Wales, from as few as eighteen persons in a square mile,
to as many