ng the dissenters, who considered that the true policy to
pursue on the part of the English people was to view the whole affair
with contempt, but even these were angry at the haughty contumely with
which the pope's bulls and rescripts treated the queen, government, and
people of England not of the Roman Catholic communion. Mr. Roebuck was
especially the champion of the pope and the new hierarchy, asserting the
right of Romish hierarchs to assume territorial titles here, as they
did in the United States. Lord John Russell was the champion of the
anti-aggression movement, and his pen and tongue were animated by a
peculiar fervour in the controversy. The dissenters and many churchmen
doubted his lordship's sincerity, believing that his zeal was simulated,
and that he cared more for the service rendered to his government
by raising a politico-religious cry at a critical period of his
parliamentary ascendancy, than he did for protecting the rights of the
crown, or the honour of Protestantism, against such invasions of either
as the papal procedure had initiated. Whatever might have been the case
in this respect, the agitation led by his lordship against the papal
aggression was the chief means of carrying him safely through the
session, in which the parliamentary tactics of his party and of his
government were without consistency or cleverness, and the financial
management of his chancellor of the exchequer as clumsy in detail,
and what might be called manipulation, as destitute of invention,
originality, and foresight.

When parliament was opened on the 4th of February, by her majesty in
person, the public anti-popery demonstrations were very decided, and an
outburst of loyalty came from all classes, such as only could arise from
a thoroughly excited state of the public mind. It was known that Lord
John Russell was to bring in a bill making it penal for the Roman
Catholic hierarchy to assume territorial ecclesiastical titles, and
this gave to the people an extraordinary interest in the progress of her
majesty in state to the House of Lords. From her palace at Pimlico to
her palace in Whitehall vast crowds collected, who rent the air with
tumultuous and excited cheers and exclamations of loyalty. On no
occasion of a royal progress were the assembled multitudes greater, and
the peculiar excitement of their voices and deportment was such as no
great festal occasion evokes. The royal speech referred to the cause
of this excite