towards the mountains. In the meantime Basilio
Garcia had been again defeated at Bejar with great loss; and he hurried
with the remains of his column into the province of Soria, where he
effected a junction with Balmaseda. All this time Don Carlos was at
Estella; but on the 10th of May, the discontent of the Nayarese in his
service compelled him to withdraw to Tolosa. About this time Espartero,
who had been elevated to the rank of captain-general of Spain, commenced
active operations. He advanced to Pampeluna, and Don Carlos then removed
to Glorrio. A series of conflicts now took place; and the struggle
closed with the battle of Maella, in which Cabrera, who was the only
Carlist general who in this year increased his reputation, defeated
the Christino general, Pardinas, with great loss: out of 4,500 men only
1,500 men are said to have escaped: Pardinas himself was slain. But one
of the most important events that took place during this year in Spain
was an insurrection at Seville, headed by Cordova and Narvaez; this,
however, was quelled by the activity of Espartero.

The history of Portugal for the year is marked by no very striking
event. The efforts of the Cortes were chiefly directed to the averting
of the catastrophe of a national bankruptcy, which was effected by
the acceptation of a loan, conjointly tendered by the Mercantile
Association, and the Lisbon bank. Early in March a street riot took
place in the capital, and threw it into disorder for some few days; but
it did not produce any result beyond the bloodshed which it occasioned.
The Miguelite guerillas, however, ravaged Portugal, and especially
the southern provinces, more this year than they had hitherto done.
Remeihido, especially, who had been educated for the priesthood,
committed many daring acts; but in the course of the summer he was
attacked in his mountain-fastnesses by Colonel Fontoura, and after a
sharp conflict his band was routed, and himself captured: he was shot at
Faro.

In the month of March the king of Holland intimated to the conference
at London sitting on the Hollando-Belgic question, that "having been
constantly disappointed in his just expectations of being able to obtain
by negociation better terms for his beloved subjects, he had become
convinced that the only pledge which still remained for him to give of
his regard for their welfare, and the sole means to attain his object,
consisted in a full and entire assent on his part to the