Take, for instance, a number of the skulls under
consideration: in proportions they will be found to present very
considerable variations among themselves. The skulls figured by A and B
are respectively brachycephalic and dolichocephalic. The former has an
internal capacity of 1,400, the latter 1,214 cubic centimeters; but the
facial angle of each is 80 deg., and in one Eskimo cranium it runs up to
84 deg.. If the facial angle be trustworthy, as a measure of the degree of
intelligence, we have shown here a development far in excess of the
negro, which is placed at 70 deg., or of the Mongolian at 75 deg., and exceeding
that observed by me in many German skulls, which do not, as a rule, come
up to the 90 deg. of Jupiter Tonans or of Cuvier, in spite of the boasted
intelligence of that nationality.

[Illustration: _No. 1._]

[Illustration: _No. 2._]

[Illustration: _No. 3._]

[Illustration: _No. 4._]

[Illustration: _No. 5._]

[Illustration: _No. 6._]

In none of the skulls of the collection is there observable the heavy
superciliary ridges alleged to be common in lower races, but which exist
in many of the best-formed European crania--shall we say as anomalies
or as individual variations? Nor is the convexity of the squamo-parietal
suture such as characterizes the low-typed cranium of the chimpanzee or
the Mound Builder. On the contrary, the orbits are cleanly made and the
suture is well curved. Besides, a low degree of intelligence is not
shown by observing the index of the foramen magnum, which is about the
same as that found in European crania; and the same may be said of the
internal capacity of the cranium. To illustrate the latter remark is
appended a tabular statement made up from Welcker, Broca, Aitken and
Meigs:

Cubic centimeters.

Australian 1,228
Polynesian 1,230
Hottentot 1,230
Mexican 1,296
Malay 1,328
Ancient Peruvian 1,361
French 1,403 to 1,461
German 1,448
English 1,572

An average of the Eskimo skull, some of which measure as much as 1,650
and 1,715 c.c., will show the brain capacity to be the same as that of
the French or of the Germans. None of them, however, approaches the
anomalous capacities of two Indian skulls on exhibition at the Army
Medical Museum, one of which shows 1,785 c.c., and the other the
unprecedented measurement of 1,920 c.