d. Relatively Cleveland has one and one-fourth
times as many industrial workers as New York, Chicago, St. Louis, or
Baltimore, and one and two-fifths times as many as Boston. On the
other hand a smaller proportion of the adult workers of the city earn
their living in professional, clerical, and commercial work, or in
domestic and personal service employments than in most large cities.

Table 1 shows by large occupational groups the distribution in 1910 of
the working population in Cleveland. The classification is that
adopted by the federal census. More than 56 per cent of the male
workers of the city and about 33 per cent of the women workers were
engaged in manufacturing and mechanical occupations. The trade group
ranks next, about 14 per cent of the men and approximately 11 per cent
of the women being engaged in commercial occupations. Of each 100
women in employment 30 are servants, laundresses, housekeepers, or are
engaged in some other form of personal service, while only five men of
each 100 earn their living in this kind of work. Railroad and street
transportation, with the telegraph and telephone and mail systems of
communication, requires the services of 11 per cent of the male
working population, but uses very few women. About seven per cent of
the men and 15 per cent of the women are employed in clerical work. A
slightly larger ratio of women to men is found in the professional
occupations, due mainly to the large number of women in the teaching
profession. The whole professional group constitutes less than five
per cent of the total working population.

TABLE 1.--OCCUPATIONAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE WORKING POPULATION OF
CLEVELAND, CENSUS OF OCCUPATIONS, 1910

----------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------
Occupational group | Men | Women | Total
----------------------------------------+---------+--------+---------
Manufacturing and mechanical industries | 109,644 | 18,201 | 127,845
Trade | 27,229 | 5,942 | 33,171
Domestic and personal service | 9,546 | 16,467 | 26,063
Transportation | 21,530 | 1,110 | 22,640
Clerical occupations | 14,047 | 8,100 | 22,147
Professional service | 7,204 | 4,869 | 12,073
Public service | 3,461 | 39 | 3,500
Agricultural and extraction of minerals | 1,367 | 80 | 1,447