ul ameva(--"id:chi")r lautn vel(--"id:theta")inase
stlaafunas slele(--"id:theta")caru-.

4. Such as Maecenas, Porsena, Vivenna, Caecina, Spurinna. The
vowel in the penult is originally long, but in consequence of the
throwing back of the accent upon the initial syllable is frequently
shortened and even rejected. Thus we find Porse(n)na as well as
Porsena, and Ceicne as well as Caecina.

5. I. VIII. Umbro-Sabellian Migration

6. I. VIII. Their Political Development

7. I. VIII. Their Political Development

8. I. IV. Oldest Settlements in the Palatine and Suburan Regions

CHAPTER X

The Hellenes in Italy--Maritime Supremacy of the Tuscans and
Carthaginians

Relations of Italy with Other Lands

In the history of the nations of antiquity a gradual dawn ushered
in the day; and in their case too the dawn was in the east. While
the Italian peninsula still lay enveloped in the dim twilight of
morning, the regions of the eastern basin of the Mediterranean had
already emerged into the full light of a varied and richly developed
civilization. It falls to the lot of most nations in the early
stages of their development to be taught and trained by some rival
sister-nation; and such was destined to be in an eminent degree the
lot of the peoples of Italy. The circumstances of its geographical
position, however, prevented this influence from being brought to
bear upon the peninsula by land. No trace is to be found of any
resort in early times to the difficult route by land between Italy
and Greece. There were in all probability from time immemorial
tracks for purposes of traffic, leading from Italy to the lands
beyond the Alps; the oldest route of the amber trade from the Baltic
joined the Mediterranean at the mouth of the Po--on which account
the delta of the Po appears in Greek legend as the home of amber--and
this route was joined by another leading across the peninsula
over the Apennines to Pisae; but from these regions no elements
of civilization could come to the Italians. It was the seafaring
nations of the east that brought to Italy whatever foreign culture
reached it in early times.

Phoenicians in Italy

The oldest civilized nation on the shores of the Mediterranean, the
Egyptians, were not a seafaring people, and therefore exercised no
influence on Italy. But the same may be with almost equal truth
affirmed of the Phoenicians. It is true that, issuing from their
narrow home on t