hite men and red men, and of the Black Hawk War. Mention
may be made, too, of H. E. Legler, "Leading Events of Wisconsin History"
(1898).

Among the volumes dealing with the diplomatic history of the Northwest,
mention should be made of two recent studies: C. W. Alvord, "The
Mississippi Valley in British Politics" (2 vols., 1917), and E. S.
Corwin, "French Policy and the American Alliance" (1916).

Aside from Lincoln, few men of the earlier Northwest have been made the
subjects of well-written biographies. Curiously, there are no modern
biographies, good or bad, of George Rogers Clark, General St. Clair,
or William Henry Harrison. John R. Spears, "Anthony Wayne" (1903) is
an interesting book; and Andrew C. McLaughlin, "Lewis Cass" (1891),
and Allen Johnson, "Stephen A. Douglas" (1908) are excellent. Lives
of Lincoln that have importance for their portrayal of western society
include: John T. Morse, Jr., "Abraham Lincoln" (2 vols., 1893); John G.
Nicolay and John Hay, "Abraham Lincoln, a History" (10 vols., 1890); and
Ida M. Tarbell, "Life of Abraham Lincoln" (new ed., 2vols., 1917).

The reader will do well, however, to turn early to some of the works
within the field which, by reason of their literary quality as well as
their scholarly worth, have attained the dignity of classics. Foremost
are the writings of Francis Parkman. Most of these, it is true, deal
with the history of the American interior prior to 1763. But "Frontenac
and New France under Louis XIV" (Frontenac edition, 1915), and "A
Half-Century of Conflict" (2 vols., same ed.) furnish the necessary
background; and "The Conspiracy of Pontiac" (2 vols., same ed.) is
indispensable. Parkman's work closes with the Indian war following the
Treaty of 1763. Theodore Roosevelt's "Winning of the West" (4 vols.,
1889-96) takes up the story at that point and carries it to the collapse
of the Burr intrigues during the second administration of Thomas
Jefferson. This work was a pioneer in the field. In the light of recent
scholarship it is subject to criticism at some points; but it is based
on careful study of the sources, and for vividness and interest it
has perhaps not been surpassed in American historical writing. A third
extensive work is Archer B. Hulbert, "Historic Highways of America"
(16 vols., 1902-05). In writing the history of the great land and
water routes of trade and travel between East and West the author found
occasion to describe, in interesting fashi