vocal powers were correctly measured by the
gnathic index; that the mind and voice were commensurate; and that as
the cranio-facial angle widens the voice degrades in quality and scope.
In man, I find the highest vocal type, and just as we descend in the
cranial scale, the vocal type descends into sounds less flexible, less
capable, and less musical. These deductions apply only to mammals; among
birds, insects, &c., a different order may prevail.

[Sidenote: RECORDS OF LIONS]

The records of the lions show some strange features in the construction
of sound; and when analysed on the phonograph present some novel
effects. The sound as a whole appears to be broken into broad waves or
pulsations; but on analysing it the fundamental tones somewhat resemble
the sounds produced by drawing a mallet rapidly across the keyboard of a
xylophone, and are characterised by a peculiar resonance something like
the tremulous vibrations of a thin glass containing a small quantity of
water. Each of these separate fundamental sounds, or sound units as they
appear to be, can be further reduced to still smaller vibrations; and
the result suggests that the fundamental sounds themselves are an
aggregation of smaller vibrations. I have not as yet been able to
compare the notes one by one with the scale of the xylophone in order to
ascertain whether or not they obey the laws of sound upon which is
founded the chromatic scale of music. The lion makes only a small number
of different sounds, nearly of the same pitch. I have not analysed the
vocal sounds of the other felines to ascertain to what extent they
coincide with those of the lion; but his appear to be somewhat unlike
any other sounds which I have examined.

Among the few sounds of birds which I have analysed, I may mention the
Trumpeter Crane. I have made one record of this bird which was
sufficiently loud to enable me to obtain some idea of the character of
the sound. I am in doubt as to what the real mode of producing this
sound is. The volume of sound evidently comes from the mouth of the
bird; but while in the act of making it, he appears to bring the whole
body into use, even the feathers appear to take some part in its
production, and the whole frame of the bird vibrates in the act. The
record which I have shows some resemblance, on analysis, to the sound
made by the lion; but it is not sufficiently strong to admit of
analysing the sound units or fundamental sounds.

[Sidenote: D