d religious instruction from the missionaries
there; and they desire to open communication between their own islands
and the Philippines.

The chief part of this volume is devoted to the Recollect missions
in various portions of the Philippines, the period treated in general
being included in the years 1661-1712, although some few remarks touch
a later period. The main portion of the account is taken from the
chronicle of Pedro de San Francisco de Assis, the author of the fourth
part of the Recollect Historia general; the second and subsidiary
part from vols. viii and ix of Juan de la Concepcion's Historia,
this portion being designed merely to supplement the preceding account.

San Pedro de Assis describes cursorily the insurrection in Pampanga
(there scarcely more than an attempt) and the more serious uprising in
the province of Pangasinan and Zambales, and the part played by the
Recollects in restoring peace. The revolt in Pampanga arises, like
so many minor revolts in the past, through the injustice of lesser
officials--this time the superintendent of the timber-cutting. Under
leadership of one Francisco Manyago, a native military official,
the Pampangos attempt to gain freedom, and plan a general uprising
among various provinces. But though the most warlike of the Filipinos,
they are at the same time the most reasonable, and are, consequently,
easily quieted by the personal efforts of the governor, assisted
ably by the various religious orders. More difficult to eliminate,
however, is the leaven of discontent injected by the Pampangos into
the other provinces of Ilocos and Pangasinan. These northern provinces
begin to think of a union for the purpose of securing liberty, and
of a central government of their own. Our author chooses as his field
more particularly the story of the revolt in Zambales, which he calls
a district of the province of Pangasinan, and which is a Recollect
mission territory. The revolt of Pangasinan is under the leadership
of Andres Malong, who aspires to kingship and who gradually gathers an
army, some say, of 40,000 men. He intrigues through certain relatives
and adherents in Zambales to compel the Zambals to declare in his
favor, but notwithstanding the many in sympathy with him there, his
attempts are bootless, for the Recollect religious work so strongly
and courageously against his machinations that, in the end, entirely
conquered by the troops sent against him from Manila, he meets the