and thousands were
carried away to be sold as slaves, being thus dispersed among the Malay
Islands. In 1621 Hernando de los Rios Coronel stated that ten thousand
Christians were held captive in Mindanao (Vol. XIX, p. 264). At
times the Spaniards sent armed fleets in pursuit of these pirates,
but the latter would escape, on account of the superior lightness and
swiftness of their vessels. Punitive expeditions were sent to their
villages, some of which were futile, but others inflicted on them
severe punishment--Jolo: 1602 (Vol. XV, pp. 240-243, 264, 265), 1626
(XXII, pp. 207-210), 1628 (XXII, pp. 293-295; XXIV, pp. 143-145), 1630
(XXIII, pp. 87, 88, 98; XXIV, pp. 163-165); and Mindanao: 1625 (XXII,
pp. 116-119, 218, 224). It was proposed to enslave any Moro pirates
who might be captured (Vol. XVII, pp. 187, 296, 331; XXIX, p. 269),
and this was sometimes done (Vol. XXII, p. 134). Finally, Corcuera
undertook to chastise them effectually; and in 1637 he led a large
and well-equipped expedition to Mindanao, which captured Corralat's
stronghold and devastated nearly all the coast of that island, driving
out Corralat as a fugitive and intimidating other chiefs who had
intrigued with him against the Spaniards (Vol. XXVII, pp. 253-305,
319-325, 346-357; XXIX, pp. 28-30, 60, 86-101, 116-134). Corcuera
followed up this success by another in Jolo, in 1638 (Vol. XXVII,
p. 325; XXVIII, pp. 41-63; XXIX, pp. 32, 36, 43, 44, 135, 136), and in
the following year a Spanish expedition severely chastised the Moros
around Lake Lanao, in Mindanao (XXIX, pp. 159, 161-163, 273-275);
further military operations in Jolo and Mindanao, on a smaller scale,
occurred during 1638-39 (Vol. XXIX, pp. 141-166, 198-200). It may be
noted, further, that the Jesuits established missions there at an early
date, evangelists of that order going with Figueroa in 1596 (Vol. XII,
pp. 313-321; XIII, pp. 47-49, 86-89; XXII, p. 117; XXVIII, pp. 94-99,
151, 171); and others were founded by Augustinian Recollects (XXI,
pp. 196-247, 298-303; XXIV, p. 115; XXVIII, pp. 152, 175, 340-345).]

II

[The second reduction of Jolo--by Almonte, in 1639 (Vol. XXIX,
p. 143)--subdued all of that archipelago, save the Guimbanos, a
fierce Moro people inhabiting the mountains of Sulu (Jolo) Island,
who were hostile to the Joloans of the coast. When Almonte ordered
them to cease disturbing the pacified Joloans, the Guimbanos made an
insolent reply, telling the Spaniards to come