_Advanced Fortress._

SAMARKAND _The Head of Islam._

SHANG-HAI _Approaching the Sea._

SRINAGAR _City of the Sun._

TABRIZ _Pinnacle of Islam._

TEHERAN _The Pure._

YEZD _City of Light; City of Worship._

GEOGRAPHICAL DATA

Owing to the variety of ways in which the names of Oriental localities
are spelled when transliterated, it is extremely difficult to establish
a standard of spelling. Many curious examples of this occur both on maps
and in dictionaries. It is certainly confusing to open an atlas that is
supposed to be an authority, and find that the name one seeks differs in
spelling from that used in the atlas first consulted. Then by looking
into dictionaries it is found that each of these has a different way of
spelling the word sought. Then turning to a guide book of the country
there will probably be found not only another combination of the
letters, but also a conflict between the descriptive matter in the book
and the map accompanying it. When books of travel are consulted, the
embarrassment is still further increased.

After having accepted a mode of spelling geographical names for use in
this volume, I propose in the pages that follow to assist the reader to
locate the places mentioned, by assigning them to their respective
countries, so that at a glance he may identify them. This classification
will also be a key to the map.

[Illustration: Map.]

Occasionally the name of a place has been inserted which is not
rug-producing, but only a mart for the selling of rugs. This has seemed
advisable as the names are intimately associated with the rug industry.

LOCALITIES ARRANGED GEOGRAPHICALLY

Afghanistan

BALKH.
CHARIKAR.
GHAZNI (GAeZNE).
GULISTAN.
HERAT.
ISTALIF.
JELALABAD.
KABUL (CABUL, CABOOL).
KANDAHAR.
ZERNI.

Beluchistan

BAGH (BHAG).
BELAR.
GUNDAVA.
JHALAWAN (DISTRICT).
KELAT.
KHOZDAR.
MASTUNG.
ORMARAH.
QUETTA (KWATAH).
RUSTAM KHAN.
SARAWAN (DISTRICT).
SONMEANI.

Chinese Empire

CANTON.
FU-CHAU.
HANG-CHAU.
KIANG-SU.
NING-PO.
SHANG-HAI.
SHAN-TUNG.
SU-CHAU.
TIENT-SING.
TSI-NAN.
TSING-CHAU.
TSING-NING.

Province of East Turkestan

KARASHAR.
KASHGAR.
KUCHA.
YANGI-HISSAR.
YARKAND.

India

AGRA.
AHMEDABAD.
ALLAHABAD.
ALLEPPI.
AMBALA (UMBALLA).
AMRITSAR.
BAHADAPUR (DISTRICT).
BANGALORE.
BARDW