nts--pantaloons and coats and hats. There was
power also in oxen and wagons and brick-houses. The white man's axe and
plow and hoe had been introduced and the red man was learning to use
them. So the external civilization went on.

But the great and prominent force was in the underlying education and
especially in the vitalizing and renewing power of Christian truth. So
far as the inner life was changed, civilized habits became permanent;
otherwise they were shadows. Evangelization was working out
civilization. It is doing its permanently blessed work even yet.

About this time occurred the formation of the Hazelwood Republic.

This was a band of Indians somewhat advanced in civilization, who were
organized chiefly by the efforts of Dr. Riggs, under a written
constitution and by-laws. Their officers were a President, Secretary
and three judges, who were elected by a vote of the membership for a
term of two years each. Paul Maza-koo-ta-mane was the first president
and served for two terms. This was an interesting experiment, in the
series of efforts, by the missionaries, to change this tribe of nomads
from their roving teepee life to that of permanent dwellers in fixed
habitations. The rude shock of savage warfare, which soon after
revolutionized the whole Sioux nation, swept it away before its
efficiency could be properly tested. Surely it was a novelty--an Indian
band, regulated by written laws and governed by officers, elected by
themselves for a term of years. It now exists only in the memory of the
oldest of the tribesmen or the missionaries.

In 1843, a new station was established at Traverse des Sioux (near St.
Peter, Minnesota,) by the Rev. Stephen R. Riggs. This station was
doomed to a tragic history. July 15, 1843, Thomas Longley, the favorite
brother of Mrs. Mary Riggs, was suddenly swallowed up in the
treacherous waters of the Minnesota and laid to rest under what his
sister was wont to call the "Oaks of weeping"--three dwarf oaks on a
small knoll. In 1844, Robert Hopkins and his young bride joined the
workers here. In 1851, July 4, Mr. Hopkins was suddenly swept away to
death by the fatal waves of the Minnesota and his recovered body was
laid to rest under the oaks where Thomas Longley had slept all alone
for seven years. Thus the mission at Traverse des Sioux was closed by
the messenger of death. It was continued, however, in the nearby
frontier town of St. Peter, whose white settlers requested the Rev.