ter Skirlawe, Bishop of Durham. It will be seen it is
of the same character as the lower part of the central tower at Durham.
It has never been finished, as the corners and the condition of the
masonry at the top still show, but it is impossible to say whether it
was intended to receive another storey, and if so, of what character
that other storey was to be. At one time, as may be seen in old
engravings, it had a turret in one corner, 24 feet high; this was
probably destroyed in the last century.

The south-west bell tower was built probably between 1433 and 1447, the
north-west between 1470 and 1474. They are thus both Perpendicular in
style.

At the end of the fifteenth century, therefore, the minster as we now
see it was fully built. Since that date it has suffered no changes of
importance, and the record is only one of occasional damage from fires
or fanaticism, and of necessary restorations.

The minster suffered to a certain extent at the restoration, and in a
less degree at the hands of the Puritans. In 1734 the nave was repaved.
Several tombs were found when the old pavement was removed, and relics
taken from them and deposited with the other treasures of the minster.

On the 2nd February 1829, Jonathan Martin, a brother of the apocalyptic
painter, John Martin, and a religious maniac, hid himself during evening
service behind the tomb of Archbishop Greenfield in the north transept,
and when the church was shut up for the night set fire to the choir. The
flames were not extinguished until the stalls, the organ, and the vault
had been entirely destroyed. The actual stonework and carving of the
choir were considerably injured, and the glass of the great east window
itself only just avoided destruction. Martin escaped through a window of
the transept, but was quickly captured, and discovered to be insane. The
restoration, carried on by Smirke, was begun in 1832, and on the whole
was fairly done. At any rate, the authorities of the minster may console
themselves with the knowledge that it was absolutely necessary. The
stalls were a reproduction, as exact as possible, of the old woodwork,
but the design of the throne and pulpit are original, and not
successful. The cost of the restoration was L65,000, most of which was
contributed by subscription. Timber, to the value of L5000, was given by
the State, and Sir Edward Vavasour, following the example of his
ancestor of the fourteenth century, supplied the stone.

A