o Rome. The Pope, however, discreetly referred
the matter back to the king, and at a synod held by William it was
determined that Thomas should swear allegiance to Lanfranc, but not to
his successors, and should be installed in Canterbury Cathedral; also
that the Humber should be the southern boundary of his diocese, and that
Worcester should be added to the see of Canterbury.

Thomas found his diocese in a miserable condition, owing both to the
Danish invasion and the barbarities of the Conqueror. He rebuilt the
minster, called back the frightened canons and made a provision for
them. He appointed a dean, treasurer, precentor, and chancellor. He died
at Ripon, and was buried at York.

#Gerard# (1101-1108) was translated from Hereford; he was a kinsman of
the Conqueror. Like Thomas he refused to submit to Canterbury, and his
consecration was delayed until he submitted at the command of the Pope.

#Thomas# (1108-1114) was the nephew of Thomas of Bayeux, and chaplain to
Henry I. He also refused to acknowledge the supremacy of Anselm, and in
consequence his consecration was delayed. Anselm dying, forbade any
bishop to consecrate him until he had made his submission. At length
Thomas submitted, and was consecrated by the Bishop of London. He died
at Beverley, and was buried in the minster.

#Thurstan# (1114-1140) was the son of a prebendary of London, and
chaplain to Henry I. Like his predecessors, but with more determination,
he continued the quarrel with Canterbury. He refused to make his
submission to Archbishop Ralph, who therefore refused to consecrate him.
Thurstan was supported by three successive Popes, and was at length
consecrated at Rheims by Calixtus II. Thus he alone succeeded in
avoiding any submission to Canterbury. Henry I, taking the side of
Ralph, deprived him of his lands, but the Pope issued a bull freeing him
from all subjection to Canterbury, and threatened Henry with
excommunication. In 1121 Thurstan returned triumphantly to York, and
Henry submitted. The quarrel was revived by William de Corbeil, Ralph's
successor, who was appointed papal legate as a compromise. Thurstan's
victory over the Scots at the Battle of the Standard is perhaps his most
famous achievement. #William Fitzherbert# (St. William, 1143; deprived
1147, restored 1153-1154). On the death of Thurstan the see was not
filled without a contest. The chapter chose Henry of Selby, Abbot of
Fecamp, but the Pope refused his consent unless h