..................| 7.00 | 4.60
Italy (1866-77) (financial reverses)..| 12.80 | 2.20
Norway (1866-70)......................| 10.30 | 4.50
Vienna (1851-59)......................| 6.64 | 3.10
------------------------------------------------------

But the excess of male suicides over females is so great that,
reckoned absolutely, about one woman to seven or ten men is driven by
want to take her life.

Physical suffering and want are among the motives which,
constitutional differences aside, would appeal with about the same
force to the two sexes. But the great excess both of suicide (3 or
4 men to 1 woman) and of crime (4 or 5 men to 1 woman) in men, while
directly conditioned by a manner of life more subject to vicissitude
and catastrophe, is still remotely due to the male, katabolic tendency
which has historically eventuated in a life of this nature in the
male.

Woman offers in general a greater resistance to disease than man. The
following table from the registrar-general's report for 1888[77] gives
the mortality in England per million inhabitants at all ages and for
both sexes from 1854 to 1887 in a group of diseases chiefly affecting
young children:

------------------------------------------------------
Disease | Year | Male | Female
----------------------------+---------+------+--------
Smallpox....................| 1854-87 | 183 | 148
Measles.....................| 1848-87 | 426 | 408
Scarlet fever...............| 1859-85 | 763 | 738
Diphtheria..................| 1859-87 | 157 | 176
Croup.......................| 1848-87 | 221 | 192
Whooping-cough..............| 1848-87 | 451 | 554
Diarrhoea, dysentery........| 1848-87 | 932 | 835
Enteric fever...............| 1869-87 | 288 | 277
------------------------------------------------------

or, a total mortality of 3,421 per million for the males and 3,328 for
the females. The greater fatality of diphtheria and whooping-cough in
the female is attributed to the smaller larynx of girls, and to their
habit of kissing. In diphtheria, indeed, the number of girls attacked
is in excess of that of the boys, and it does not appear that their
mortality is higher when this is considered.[78] Statistics based on
nearly half a million deaths from scarlet fever in England and Wales
(1859-85) show a mean annual in males of 778, and in females of 717,
per million living.[79] Dr. Farr reports on the mortality from cholera
in the epid