11

+4. EGYPTIAN BOAT OF THE TIME OF THE FOURTH DYNASTY 13

*5. NILE BARGE CARRYING OBELISKS. ABOUT 1600 B.C. 20

6. BATTLESHIP OF RAMSES III. ABOUT 1200 B.C. 24

7. PORTION OF A PHOENICIAN GALLEY. ABOUT 700 B.C. _From
Kouyunjik (Nineveh)_ 27

8. GREEK UNIREME. ABOUT 500 B.C. 30

9. GREEK BIREME. ABOUT 500 B.C. 31

10. FRAGMENT OF A GREEK GALLEY SHOWING ABSENCE OF
DECK. ABOUT 550 B.C. 32

11. GALLEY SHOWING DECK AND SUPERSTRUCTURE. ABOUT
600 B.C. _From an Etruscan imitation of a
Greek vase_ 34

12. GREEK MERCHANT-SHIP. ABOUT 500 B.C. 39

13. ROMAN MERCHANT-SHIP 40

+14. PROBABLE ARRANGEMENT OF OAR-PORTS IN ANCIENT
GALLEYS 48

15. SUGGESTED ARRANGEMENT OF OAR-PORTS IN AN OCTOREME 48

16. ROMAN GALLEY. ABOUT 110 A.D. 49

17. LIBURNIAN GALLEY. CONJECTURAL RESTORATION 50

18. STEM AND STERN ORNAMENTS OF GALLEYS 52

19. BOW OF ANCIENT WAR-GALLEY 53

20. BOW OF ANCIENT WAR-GALLEY 54

21. ANGLO-SAXON SHIP. ABOUT 900 A.D. 57

22-26. VIKING SHIP 60

27. ONE OF WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR'S SHIPS. 1066 A.D. 66

*28. SANDWICH SEAL. 1238 71

*29. DOVER SEAL. 1284 72

*30. POOLE SEAL. 1325 75

31. VENETIAN GALLEY. FOURTEENTH CENTURY 78

32. CROSS-SECTION OF A VENETIAN GALLEON 79

33. VENETIAN GALLEON. 1564 80

34. ITALIAN SAILING-SHIP. FIFTEENTH CENTURY 81

35. ENGLISH SHIP. TIME OF RICHARD II. 81

36. ENGLISH SHIP. TIME OF HENRY VI. 83

37. ENGLISH SHIP. LATTER HALF OF FIFTEENTH CENTURY 86

38. COLUMBUS' SHIP, THE "SANTA MARIA." 1492 87

39. SAIL-PLAN OF THE "SANTA MARIA" 88

40. LINES OF THE "SANTA MARIA" 91

41. THE "