ca and served with distinction in the
Revolutionary War. On his later career see p. 334. After the failure of
the insurrection of 1794 Kosciuszko was imprisoned for two years in St.
Petersburg; in 1796, on the death of Catharine, he was released by Paul.
He thereafter lived in retirement, first in France and then in
Switzerland, resisting all the attempts of Napoleon to draw him into his
service. At the Congress of Vienna he made fruitless efforts in behalf of
Poland. His memory is probably more reverenced by the Polish people than
that of any other man. His remains rest in the cathedral at Cracow, and on
the outskirts of the city is a mound of earth 150 feet high raised as a
monument to him.]

5 [_Czamarka_ (diminutive of _czamara_) in the original; see note 82.]

6 [See p. 333. Rejtan had taken part in the Confederacy of Bar. Owing to
the disasters to Poland he lost his reason, and in 1780 he killed
himself.]

7 [A soldier and poet, of a Wilno family. As a colonel of engineers he
fought in the war of 1792. He prepared and led the insurrection in Wilno
in 1794, and perished at the siege of Praga in the same year.]

8 [See p. 333. Korsak was a deputy to the Four Years' Diet, and a leader
in Kosciuszko's insurrection. He perished by the side of Jasinski.]

9 The Russian government in conquered countries never immediately
overthrows their laws and civil institutions, but by its edicts it slowly
undermines and saps them. For example, in Little Russia the Lithuanian
Statute, modified by edicts, was maintained until the most recent times.
Lithuania was allowed to retain its ancient organisation of civil and
criminal courts. So, as of old, rural and town judges are elected in the
districts, and superior judges in the provinces. But since there is an
appeal to St. Petersburg, to many institutions of various rank, the local
courts are left with hardly a shadow of their traditional dignity.

10 The _Wojski_ (_tribunus_) was once an officer charged with the
protection of the wives and children of the gentry during the time of
service of the general militia. But this office without duties long ago
became merely titular. In Lithuania there is a custom of giving by
courtesy to respected persons some ancient title, which becomes legalised
by usage. For instance, the neighbours call one of their friends
Quartermaster, Pantler, or Cup-bearer, at first only in conversation and
in correspondence, but later even in official documents