n Russia, should
be extended as fully to those of my brethren who are
resident in Poland. I supplicate the powerful Russian
Government to prove to the whole civilized world that the
amelioration of the condition of the Hebrew race, for
which it is so graciously desirous, can be produced with
completeness and effect, by measures that would appeal to
the gratitude and love of a loyal and warm-hearted people.

"Permit me in the first place to direct your Excellency's
attention to two paragraphs, the fifth and seventh of the
Organization Statute of Poland promulgated in the year
1832, and which are immediately connected with the subject
in question.

"Therein His Majesty the Emperor and King of Poland
declares that 'the difference from the Christian modes of
worship cannot be regarded as a cause of exclusion to any
person whatever from the rights and privileges granted to
all other inhabitants professing the Christian religion.

"'The protection of the law equally extends to all the
inhabitants of the kingdom without any distinction of rank
or social condition.'

"With the profoundest respect I will now proceed to lay
before your Excellency the following brief enumeration of
serious restrictions under which my brethren in Poland are
weighed down.

"_1st._ Concerning their confined habitations.

"(_a_) There are towns in Poland in which Israelites are
never allowed to reside.

"(_b_) In these towns or marts where they have permission
to live it extends only to a few streets.

"(_c_) From every habitation situated near the high roads
they are entirely excluded.

"(_d_) They are prohibited from settling within three
geographical miles of the frontier, which, in a country of
the dimensions of Poland, excludes them from a
considerable tract of territory.

"_2nd._ Regarding mechanics (trade).

"(_a_) An Israelite following any trade or mechanical
operation is not allowed to keep apprentices, neither can
he declare such as journeymen. This naturally involves the
Hebrew mechanic in innumerable difficulties, for he is
entirely dependent upon his own personal exertions, and
can never avail himself of the assistance of his
fellow-mechanics.

"(_b_) He is prohibited from working with a Christian
master, and in consequence of his not being acknowledged
as a master among the corporations, he is always
considered as a person