"Quo" for "Quae," in
the motto, which destroyed its meaning. Some time after, it was changed
to the French motto, "L'Etoile du Nord" ("Star of the North"), and thus
remains until the present time.

While speaking of seals, I will state that the seal of the supreme court
was established when the first term of the court convened, in 1858. The
design adopted was a female figure, representing the goddess of liberty,
holding the evenly-balanced scales of justice in one hand and a sword in
the other, with the somewhat hackneyed motto, "Fiat justitia ruat
coelum" ("Let justice be done if the heavens fall"). I remember that,
soon after it appeared, some one asked one of the judges what the new
motto meant, and he jocularly answered, "Those who fy at justice will
rue it when we seal 'em."

The seal was changed to the same device as that of the state, with the
same motto and the words, "Seal of the Supreme Court, State of
Minnesota."

IMMIGRATION.

When the first legislature convened, the governor, on the second day of
the session (Sept. 4, 1849), delivered his message. It was a well-timed
document, and admirably expressed to attract attention to the new
territory. After congratulating the members upon the enviable position
they occupied as pioneers of a great prospective civilization, which
would carry the American name and American institutions, by the force of
superior intelligence, labor and energy, to untold results, he among
other things said:

"I would advise you, therefore, that your legislation should be
such as will guard equally the rights of labor and the rights of
property, without running into ultraisms on either hand; as will
recognize no social distinctions except those which merit and
knowledge, religion and morals unavoidably create; as will
suppress crime, encourage virtue, give free scope to enterprise
and industry; as will promptly and without delay administer to
and supply all the legitimate wants of the people--laws, in a
word, in the proclamation of which will be kept steadily in view
the truth that this territory is designed to be a great state,
rivalling in population, wealth and energy her sisters of the
Union, and that consequently all laws not merely local in their
objects should be framed for the future as well as the
present....

"Our territory, judging from the experience of the few months
since public attention was ca