VERTEBRATE ANIMALS.

SUB-KINGDOM VI.--VERTEBRATA.

Body composed of definite segments arranged longitudinally one
behind the other; main masses of the nervous system placed dorsally;
a backbone or "vertebral column" in the majority.

CLASS I. PISCES ("Fishes"). _Ex_. Lancelet** (_Amphioxus_);
Lampreys and Hag-fishes (_Marsipobranchii_**); Herring,
Salmon, Perch, &c. (_Teleostei_ or "Bony Fishes");
Gar-pike, Sturgeon, &c. (_Ganoidei_); Sharks, Dog-fishes,
Rays, &c. (_Elasmobranchii_ or "Placoids").
CLASS II. AMPHIBIA ("Amphibians"). Ex. _Labyrinthodontia_,*
Caecilians,** Newts and Salamanders (_Urodela_), Frogs and
Toads (_Anoura_).
CLASS III. REPTILIA ("Reptiles"). Ex. _Deinosauria_,*
_Pterosauria_,* _Anomodontia_,* Plesiosaurs
(_Sauropterygia_*), Ichthyosaurs (_Ichthyopterygia_*),
Tortoises and Turtles (_Chelonia_), Snakes (_Ophidia_),
Lizards (_Lacertilia_), Crocodiles (_Crocodilia_).
CLASS IV. AVES ("Birds"). _Ex_. Toothed Birds
(_Odontornithes_*); Lizard-tailed Birds (_Archoeopteryx_*);
Ducks, Geese, Gulls, &c. (_Natatores_); Storks, Herons,
Snipes, Plovers, &c. (_Grallatores_); Ostrich, Emeu,
Cassowary, Dinornis,* AEpiornis,* &c. (_Cursores_); Fowls,
Game Birds, and Doves (_Rasores_); Cuckoos, Woodpeckers,
Parrots, &c. (_Scansores_); Crows, Starlings, Finches,
Hummingbirds, Swallows, &c. (_Insessores_); Owls, Hawks,
Eagles, Vultures (_Raptores_).
CLASS V. MAMMALIA ("Quadrupeds"). _Ex_. Duck-mole and Spiny
Ant-eater (_Monotremata_**); Kangaroos, Phalangers,
Opossums, Tasmanian Devil, &c. (_Marsupialia_); Sloths,
Ant-eaters, Armadillos (_Edentata_); Manatees and Dugongs
(_Sirenia_); Whales, Dolphins, Porpoises (_Cetacea_);
Rhinoceros, Tapir, Horses, Hippopotamus, Pigs, Camels and
Llamas, Giraffes, Deer, Antelopes, Sheep, Goats, Oxen
(_Ungulata_); Hyrax (_Hyracoidea_**); Elephants,
Mastodon,* Deinotherium* (_Proboscidea_); Seals,
Walrus, Bears, Dogs, Wolves, Cats, Lions, Tigers, &c.
(_Carnivora_); Hares, Rabbits, Porcupines, Beavers,
Rats, Mice, Lemmings, Squirrels, Marmots, &c. (_Rodentia_);
Bats (_Cheiroptera_); Moles, Shrew-mice, Hedgehogs
(_Insectivora_); Lemurs, Spider-monkeys, Macaques,
Baboons, Apes (_Quadrumana_); Man (_Bimana_).

GLOSSARY.

ABDOMEN (Lat. _abdo_, I conceal). The posterior cavity of the
body, containing the intestines and others of the viscera. In
many Invertebrates there is no separation of the body-cavity