th and extension of international arbitration has not been
dissimilar to this. Six cases were arbitrated in the eighteenth
century, four hundred and seventy-one in the nineteenth, while more
than one hundred and fifty cases have been arbitrated during the first
thirteen years of the twentieth century. Between the First and Second
Hague Conferences only four uses were submitted to the Permanent Court
of Arbitration. Since the Second Conference, notwithstanding the
unsatisfactory disposition of the Venezuelan affair, eight cases have
been tried, a ninth is pending, a tenth will soon be docketed if the
United States is not to act the hypocrite in her international
relations by refusing to submit to England's request to arbitrate the
question as to whether or no we exempt our coastwise vessels from toll
duty through the Panama Canal. Defects have been detected in the
Permanent Court of Arbitration and we are well on the way toward a
better court. Representatives of only twenty-six nations took part in
the deliberations of the First Hague Conference; representatives of
forty-four nations took part in the deliberations of the Second Hague
Conference. Wars of aggression and conquest, though not formally
outlawed, are effectively so, and arbitration for the recovery of
contract debts is now practically obligatory. As time passes and its
feasibility gains credence, arbitration, like the jury trial, will
extend its sphere of usefulness until it too settles questions of
honor. Nor need we imply from this analogy that it will take such an
age to accomplish this result. Because of the increased mobility of
society, resulting from the greater like-mindedness and consciousness
of kind incident to our modern communities of interests and systems of
communication, and from our greater susceptibility to rational rather
than traditional appeals, a reform can be wrought more easily and the
people can adjust themselves to the change far more readily than
several centuries ago.

Bearing in mind, then, our attempted analysis of counter social forces
at work, our deductions from this analysis and the foregoing analogy
the significance of which grows out of the truth of these deductions,
let us conclude with a suggestion as to what the next Hague Conference
should attempt. It should, of course, like the former Conferences,
extract as many teeth as possible from war. As to improving our
arbitration facilities, its first task evidently should be t