he points in which he differs from modern man he
approaches the anthropoid apes, and he must be regarded as a low type of
man off the main line. Huxley regarded the Neanderthal man as a low form
of the modern type, but expert opinion seems to agree rather with the
view maintained in 1864 by Professor William King of Galway, that the
Neanderthal man represents a distinct species off the main line of
ascent. He disappeared with apparent suddenness (like some aboriginal
races to-day) about the end of the Fourth Great Ice Age; but there is
evidence that before he ceased to be there had emerged a successor
rather than a descendant--the modern man.

4. Another offshoot from the main line is probably represented by the
Piltdown man, found in Sussex in 1912. The remains consisted of the
walls of the skull, which indicate a large brain, and a high forehead
without the beetling eyebrows of the Neanderthal man and
Pithecanthropus. The "find" included a tooth and part of a lower jaw,
but these perhaps belong to some ape, for they are very discrepant. The
Piltdown skull represents the most ancient human remains as yet found in
Britain, and Dr. Smith Woodward's establishment of a separate genus
Eoanthropus expresses his conviction that the Piltdown man was off the
line of the evolution of the modern type. If the tooth and piece of
lower jaw belong to the Piltdown skull, then there was a remarkable
combination of ape-like and human characters. As regards the brain,
_inferred_ from the skull-walls, Sir Arthur Keith says:

All the essential features of the brain of modern man are to be seen
in the brain cast. There are some which must be regarded as
primitive. There can be no doubt that it is built on exactly the
same lines as our modern brains. A few minor alterations would make
it in all respects a modern brain.... Although our knowledge of the
human brain is limited--there are large areas to which we can assign
no definite function--we may rest assured that a brain which was
shaped in a mould so similar to our own was one which responded to
the outside world as ours does. Piltdown man saw, heard, felt,
thought, and dreamt much as we do still.

And this was 150,000 years ago at a modern estimate, and some would say
half a million.

There is neither agreement nor certainty as to the antiquity of man,
except that the modern type was distinguishable from its collaterals
hundreds of thousands of