half-webs of feathers, neatly fastened near
its base in the usual manner.

Another kind of hunting arrow was the hide nazi[|c][)e], which was
altogether of wood. About 6 inches from the point the shaft was
triangular or quadrangular; and the point was made by holding the shaft
close to a fire and turning it round and round till the heat had reduced
it to the proper shape and had hardened it. This was used for killing
fish, deer, and small game.

[Illustration: Fig. 326.--Omaha war arrow.]

The war arrow (<i>b</i>) differed from that used in hunting in having a
barbed point, which was very slightly attached to the shaft, so that if
it penetrated the body of an enemy it could not be withdrawn without
leaving the point in the wound.

[Illustration: Fig. 327.--Omaha style of hide-[t]ace]

Children used the hide-[t]ace, or target arrow, when they began to learn
the use of the bow. With this a boy could kill small birds and animals.

The Ponka used to make arrowshafts (ma^{n}sa) of ja^{n}-[']qude-hi,
"gray wood," juneberry wood, which grew in their country, but is not
found among the Omaha. Most of the Omaha made their shafts of the
ma^n'saqtihi, or "real arrow-wood," (<i>Viburnum</i>) as that was the wood
best suited for the purpose. Sometimes they were made of chokecherry
wood; and Joseph LaFleche informs me that he has made them of ash and
hickory.

Arrowshafts were held lengthwise directly in a line with the eyes of the
workman, who sighted along them to see if they were straight. If one was
bent, he held one end of it between his teeth, while he pressed against
the rest of it with his hands. They were polished by means of the
polishers, or ma^{n}[']-[|c]iq[|c]ade, two pieces of sandstone, each of
which had a groove in the middle of one side. These grooves were
brought together, and the arrow was drawn between them.

War arrows had crooked lines drawn along the shafts from the points to
the other ends, down which, so I was informed by the Indians, it was
intended that the blood of a wounded foe should trickle.

Arrowheads (mahi^{n}-si), when made of flint, as at the first, were
called "i^{n}['][,][(e] mahi^{n}si," stone arrowheads. In more recent
times, they were manufactured of pieces of sheet iron; as, for example,
hoops of pails and barrels.

Arrow cement (hi^{n}[']pa), for attaching the heads to the shafts, was
usually made from the skin taken off a buffalo or elk head. This was
boiled a long time, till re