to resign at once, or combat for their liberty and power, prepared
themselves with vigor for defence, and determined to resist the violence
of the army. The two houses immediately chose new speakers, Lord Hunsdon
and Henry Pelham: they renewed their former orders for enlisting troops:
they appointed Massey to be commander: they ordered the trained bands to
man the lines: and the whole city was in a ferment, and resounded with
military preparations.[**]

When any intelligence arrived, that the army stopped or retreated, the
shout of "One and all." ran with alacrity, from street to street, among
the citizens: when news came of their advancing, the cry of "Treat
and capitulate," was no less loud and vehement.[***] The terror of a
universal pillage, and even massacre, had seized the timid inhabitants.

* Rush. vol. viii. p. 750. Clarendon, vol. v. p. 63.

** Rush vol. vii. p. 646

*** Whitlocke, p. 266.

As the army approached, Rainsborow, being sent by the general over the
river, presented himself before Southwark, and was gladly received by
some soldiers who were quartered there for its defence, and who were
resolved not to separate their interests from those of the army. It
behoved then the parliament to submit. The army marched in triumph
through the city; but preserved the greatest order, decency, and
appearance of humility. They conducted to Westminster the two speakers,
who took their seats as if nothing had happened. The eleven impeached
members, being accused as authors of the tumult, were expelled; and most
of them retired beyond sea: seven peers were impeached; the mayor, one
sheriff, and three aldermen, sent to the Tower, several citizens
and officers of the militia committed to prison; every deed of the
parliament annulled, from the day of the tumult till the return of the
speakers; the lines about the city levelled; the militia restored to
the Independents; regiments quartered in Whitehall and the Mews; and
the parliament being reduced to a regular formed servitude, a day was
appointed of solemn thanksgiving for the restoration of its liberty.[*]

* Rush. vol. viii. p. 797, 798, etc.

The Independent party among the commons exulted in their victory. The
whole authority of the nation, they imagined, was now lodged in their
hands; and they had a near prospect of moulding the government into that
imaginary republic which had long been the object of their wishes. They
had secretly concur