s, was obliged
to surrender York; and he marched out his garrison with all the honors
of war.[***] Lord Fairfax, remaining in the city, established his
government in that whole county, and sent a thousand horse into
Lancashire, to join with the parliamentary forces in that quarter, and
attend the motions of the Scottish army marched northwards, in order
to join the earl of Calender, who was advancing with ten thousand
additional forces;[****] and to reduce the town of Newcastle, which they
took by storm: the earl of Manchester, with Cromwell, to whom the fame
of this great victory was chiefly ascribed, and who was wounded in the
action, returned to the eastern association, in order to recruit his
army.[v]

* Clarendon, vol. v. p. 507, 508. See Warwick.

** Clarendon, vol. v. p. 511.

*** Rush. vol. vi. p. 638. Prince Rupert:

**** Whitlocke, p. 88

v Rush. vol. vi. p. 641.

While these events passed in the north, the king's affairs in the south
were conducted with more success and greater abilities. Ruthven, a
Scotchman, who had been created earl of Brentford, acted under the king
as general.

The parliament soon completed their two armies commanded by Essex and
Waller. The great zeal of the city facilitated this undertaking. Many
speeches were made to the citizens by the parliamentary leaders, in
order to excite their ardor. Hollis, in particular, exhorted them not to
spare, on this important occasion, either their purses, their persons,
or their prayers;[*] and, in general, it must be confessed, they were
sufficiently liberal in all these contributions.

* Rush. vol. vi. p. 662.

The two generals had orders to march with their combined armies towards
Oxford; and, if the king retired into that city, to lay siege to it, and
by one enterprise put a period to the war. The king, leaving a numerous
garrison in Oxford, passed with dexterity between the two armies, which
had taken Abingdon, and had enclosed him on both sides. He marched
towards Worcester; and Waller received orders from Essex to follow him
and watch his motions, while he himself marched into the west, in quest
of Prince Maurice. Waller had approached within two miles of the royal
camp, and was only separated from it by the Severn, when he received
intelligence that the king was advanced to Bewdly, and had directed his
course towards Shrewsbury. In order to prevent him, Waller presently
dislodged, and hastened by quick