may be fine or
coarse, according to the width of the combs used; now take a soft rag
folded, and with this partially clear off the grain which runs over
the figure, leaving only a sufficient quantity crossing the light
or figure, to be just distinguished, exactly as it appears upon the
figure in real oak. The grain is also wiped off in parts on the plain
spaces between the figure, in order to break it up and take away any
formality. If this method be well and probably done, a thoroughly
deceptive imitation may be produced; and except this end be kept in
view, no really good work will result.

* * * * *

KNOTS AND SPLICES.

[_SEE ENGRAVING ON FIRST PAGE._]

1. Turn used in making up ropes.

2. End tapered for the purpose of passing it readily through a loop.
To make this, we unlay the rope for the necessary length, reducing
a rope diminishing in diameter towards the end, which is finished
by interlacing the ends without cutting them, as it would weaken the
work; it is lastly "whipped" with small twine.

3. Tapered end, covered with interlaced cordage for the purpose of
making it stronger. This is done with very small twine attached at
one end to the small eye, and at the other to the strands of the rope,
thus making a strong "webbing" around the end.

4. Double turn used for making rope.

5. Eye splice. The strands of the cable are brought back over
themselves, and interlaced with their original turns, as in a splice.

6. Tie for the end of a four-strand rope.

7. The same completed; the strands are tied together, forming loops,
laying one over the other.

8. Commencement for making the end by interlacing the strands.

9. Interlacing complete, but not fastened.

10 and 11. Shell in two views used in No. 65, showing the disposition
of it at the throat. This joining is advantageous, as it does not
strain the cords, and it prevents them from cutting each other; so
that the rings pass one into the other and are joined outside the
intermediate shell.

12. Interlacing in two directions.

13. Mode of finishing the end by several turns of the twine continued
over the cable.

14. Interlacing commenced, in one direction.

15. Interlacing finished, the ends being worked under the strands, as
in a splice.

16. Pigtail commenced.

17. Interlacing fastened.

18. Pigtail with the strands taut.

19. Dead eye, shown in two views.

20. Pigtail finished. We pass the ends